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There’s an Elitist Under My Bed

The productive brawl over “blistering” criticism continues to produce. Yesterday William Giraldi defended his original review of two books by the Lafayette College creative writing professor Alix Ohlin, and earlier today Ron Hogan cracked Giraldi in the jaw for everything he said. Both combatants mention me in passing, but I’ve already had my say. I’m on Giraldi’s side, and in the minority.

One of Hogan’s accusations against Giraldi, though, rankles because it is a cliché and an error: “William Giraldi is an elitist.” A self-owning elitist too (whatever that means). Writing as if in correspondence with a young critic, Giraldi had observed: “You’ll be dealing with people for whom thinking is not a particularly strong skill set — they feel very much, they react very well, but they don’t have much talent for thought.” By people, here, Giraldi is referring specifically to writers, especially contemporary writers trained in creative writing workshops, where — despite the original intentions of creative writing’s founders — criticism never ventures, for fear of being assaulted. There’s nothing particularly shocking in what Giraldi says. It is a variation on T. S. Eliot’s famous remark about Henry James: “He had a mind so fine that no idea could violate it.” Except that most of the writers who tumble out of the creative writing workshops do not have especially fine minds.

But here is how Hogan responds:

Let’s look at this from another angle: I’m the guy who flat out says being a book critic is nothing special, and one of the key things I meant by that is that you don’t get to position yourself above other people just because you found somebody to subsidize you while you sit around and read books. You want to go back to this MFA bullshit and how not everyone who writes a book is a special snowflake? Fine: You’re not a special snowflake, either. Yes, it’s very nice that you’ve made the decision to have fun reading books, and to share what you’ve gotten out of that with the rest of us. But it doesn’t necessarily make you better than anybody else, and if you’re just going to cop an attitude about what a perceptive reader you are, and how fancy your book learning is — well, you’re not really here to tell us about books, you’re here to tell us about you. And did I mention that you’re not a particularly special snowflake?

Position yourself above other people, it doesn’t necessarily make you better than anybody else, cop an attitude about what a perceptive reader you are: this is what Hogan means by calling Giraldi an elitist. The very act of criticism, on this view, is a declaration of superiority. Criticism could not possibly be a disinterested stream of ideas directed over an object worth considering; it is positioned and copped; it is a power play.

Color me nauseated. “Elitist” is one of those slurs, like reductionist and extremist, that always applies to the other guy, never to oneself.

And the irony is that Ron Hogan is just as much an elitist as William Giraldi. When I said as much this morning on Twitter, all hell broke loose. But it is the simple truth: anyone who lives by books and ideas is an elitist by definition, engaging in an elite activity (treating books seriously) on behalf of an elite (those who treat books seriously). The dictionary-bound will object that I am not using the word correctly: an elitist, they pipe, is someone who advocates domination by an elite. Thus the word belongs to the jargon of the left, which likes to see itself as for “the little feller” while its opponents and antagonists are “out of touch.” This is beginning to sound familiar.

The word élite entered into English from the French, where it originally meant “selection, choice.” In medieval Latin, where the French found the word, electa denoted “choice.” Literature, as I have said again and again, just is a choice: either the word refers to everything that has ever been written, in which case it is unmanageable, or it refers to a selection of some kind. Criticism is the activity of choosing the best for recommendation and reading. Yes, it is the positioning of some books above others. And it depends upon perceptive reading, whether the critic cops to the attitude or not.

That’s pretty much what Hogan does in Beatrice, his own book blog. He singles out books for attention and praise. You will search his blog in vain for any word of bestselling novelists (the populists of the literary world) like Stephen King, James Patterson, Stephanie Meyer, E. L. James, or even Stieg Larsson. Hogan’s very choice of what to write about is elitist — first because it is a choice, second because it is the choice of a select few, a better sort.

Something like this, by the way, was Jane Austen’s opinion of the man or woman who reads seriously. In Persuasion, Captain Wentworth is upset when he learns that Louisa Musgrove, whom everyone thought he was courting, had become engaged to Captain Benwick. Anne Elliot wants to know why he is upset (she hopes it is not because Louisa has been taken). Wentworth explains:

I regard Louisa Musgrove as a very amiable, sweet-tempered girl, and not deficient in understanding, but Benwick is something more. He is a clever man, a reading man. . . . [ch 20]

A “reading man” is “something more” than a person who is “amiable” and “not deficient in understanding.” Hogan describes his critical credo as this: Have fun reading books. But his criticism is not merely amiable; it is something more.

We are all of us — all of us who take books seriously — elitists. The elitist under our bed, who haunts our political nightmares, is us.

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5 Responses to “There’s an Elitist Under My Bed”

  1. ronhogan says:

    When a man says a book critic must not fear being called an elitist, and asks "[who] shouldn't strive to join the most elite of his trade?", then, yes, I think it's safe to say that man owns his elitism. n nI see that you hold Giraldi's elitism as a Good Thing–certainly he seems to think it is–but I disagree with the proposition that ANY expression of preference in any field (literary or otherwise) is a form of elitism. Specifically, I would argue that MY putting forward a book I personally find noteworthy represents a different moral argument thant Giraldi putting forward a book he believes does or does not perpetuate "the sanctity of literature." But this is a much longer discussion, perhaps. n n(And yes, I WOULD say that "literature" does refer to everything that has ever been written, and that it IS unmanageable, and that the best we can do is shore fragments against our ruins.) n nActually, if I'd done another draft, or if I'd chosen to abandon the point-by-pont structure, I might well have compressed the discussion of elitism and taken an earlier plunge into Giraldi's literary Darwinism, because it's quite clear from "Letter to a Young Critic" that he DOES believe in domination by an elite in its most anti-egalitarian form. He openly claims the ability to prove one book is better than another; he promotes an evolutionary model of literature that preaches "zero tolerance for every book that insults the intellect… and debases language." The more I think about it, THIS is the fundamental principle that truly rankles, once I think my way through the superficial annoyance with Giraldi's stylistic tics. n n(PS: I was sure the reference to people who aren't good at thinking was invoking the critic's audience, that the critic has to show ordinary readers how to think–and I reached that conclusion particularly because Giraldi had just argued that the critic must "force self-examination" among his readers–but I'll take another look at the passage with your interpretation in mind.)

  2. DavidBerkeley says:

    Anytime I get called an elitist I say "thank you"………..The paranoid defensiveness,and accompanying enraged responses, so many people,in all the arts-not simply Literature- demonstrate when it comes to the idea of "the critic" merits serious examination…Is it mainly the artist's fear of failing to have achieved what (s)he feels capable of achieving,or "knows"(subjectively)what (s)he has achieved?Or is it the category mistake of equating criticism with evaluation to the exclusion of all its other functions ? Self publishing has created an even lower stratum on the food chain that, when confronted with the worthlessness,absurdity and vulgarity of their work,merely shrugs it off and says "that's the way I write".Those sorts of responses ,of which Mr. Hogan's seems to be the most "elitist" example ,seem to dominate today's landscape.

  3. I wish Hilton Kramer were here to comment on this. Just recently reread his pieces from the 70s critiquing Joyce Carol Oates and praising V.S. Naipaul.

  4. L. Lee Lowe says:

    '(And yes, I WOULD say that "literature" does refer to everything that has ever been written, and that it IS unmanageable, and that the best we can do is shore fragments against our ruins.)' n nDefining literature in this manner is, ultimately, an act of cowardice.

  5. specamonth says:

    I think the issue here is that if elite means choice than Giraldi should certainly be understood as an elitist because he would choose to read the more literary over the more pedestrian (not that there's anything wrong with pedestrian as sales prove again and again). However, the biggest crime here is matching material to reviewer – why would Giraldi review a book he would never pick up to read himself? Hogan at least has that point about Harold Bloom correct – criticism should be done by those who are predisposed to enjoy that which they are dissecting. Not that they should love every book they read, but what's the point of having someone whose first book the NYT describes as "driven almost entirely by the novelty of its voice" reading something whose focus is "invested in the bland earnestness of realism?" Literary critics should be careful they don't suffer the same fate as film critics – loving what no one's watching while hating what everyone pays money to see. That is a self-fulfilling prophecy of elitism that quickly leads to irrelevancy.

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