The Crisis of the Individual: II. Terror's Atomization of Man

There is a widely held opinion that the fascist terror was just an ephemeral episode in modern history, now happily behind us.

Will Nuremberg Serve Justice?

What are the issues of Nuremberg and how did they arise?

A New Covenant to Live By?

This COMMENTARY by the late Adolph S. Oko on Waldo Frank's book on the problem of the modem American Jew is, like many Jewish commentaries of the old tradition, more than a mere commentary.

Crisis in Palestine: The Temper of the Yishuv

Ve-day was not celebrated in Palestine with the enthusiasm we all expected it would be a few years ago.

Crisis in Palestine: The Battle of the Children

Meyer Levin witnessed this encounter between British troops and the children of Tel-Aviv.

Hungary: Liberation's Bitter Fruit

This is the first detailed report on the Budapest Jewish community (now the largest in Europe outside Soviet Russia) since the liberation of Hungary.

The Month in History

The British Empire was dying and throughout the world Britain and its wards were acting out the last few scenes of an inexorable global tragedy in which nobody moved according to his will, but according to roles set by history.

Nothing To Be Afraid Of

A Story.

Tschernichowsky: Poet of Myths

The Jews produced one major poet toward the end of the nineteenth century, and his name was Tschernichowsky.

Enforcing Human Rights Internationally: Sovereignty Bars the Way

By all odds the most competent, skilful and sophisticated analysis of the complex problem of the protection of human rights that has yet appeared is Professor Hersch Lauterpacht's newest book, An International Bill of the Rights of Man.

Enforcing Human Rights Internationally: A Good Start

The Commission for the Promotion of Human Rights is a possible device for releasing the atomic energy of international law.

Enforcing Human Rights Internationally: A Too Remote Goal

It is an ungrateful task to throw cold water on a lofty ideal, one that expresses the best in persons of fine instincts.

Cedars of Lebanon: XVIII. The Sabbath

This astonishingly modern essay was delivered in the form of a lecture, in Berlin in January 1869, by Hermann Cohen.

From the American Scene: We Were a P.W.I. Team

We Were a team of six—four enlisted men and two officers. All of us were foreign born, all were now Americans, though none of long standing.

The Study of Man: The Jews of Yankee City

This month, “The Study Of Man,” COMMENTARY's review of new thought and research in the social sciences, is given over to a full-length report and analysis of a unique study of the adaptation of ethnic groups to life in a New England town.

Reply to Dr. Kaplan

Mordecai Grossman on Mordecai M. Kaplan's “The Truth About Reconstructionism.“

Religious Thought Needed

Letters to the Editor on Theodor H. Gaster's review Mary Ellen Chase's The Bible and The Common Reader.

Demurrer to Jarrell

Letters on Randall Jarrell's review of A. M. Klein's “Poems.”

We're Pleased Too

Letters to the editor on the creation of COMMENTARY.

Germany is Our Problem, by Henry Morgenthau, Jr.

Jewish Frontier Anthology

The Jewish Frontier, now in its eleventh year, is the intellectual organ of the American Labor Zionists and as such represents a definite point of view.

Mother Goose Rhymes for Jewish Children, by Sara G. Levy

The Yogi and the Commissar, and Twilight Bar, by Arthur Koestler

All God's Children, by Armond E. Cohen

Meet Amos and Hosea, by Rolland Emerson Wolfe

Trouble Zone, by Leon Dennen

Jewish Youth at War, edited by Isaac E. Rontch

Disparaging the West

Letters on Salo Baron's essay “The Spiritual Reconstruction of European Jewry.”

The Saga of America's Russian Jews

For several centuries now the Western world has been in profound and incessant turmoil.

Candor About Negro-Jewish Relations

Jews and Negroes may be merely two among the many human casualties of history.

Project for a Modern Jewish Museum

The following notes were engendered by reflecting on the difficulties—and opportunities—of making a real museum out of the present mere collections of Jewish cultural objects.

Arab Ferment and Power Politics

Until the advent of Hitler in 1933 the Arab Middle East lay stagnant and all but forgotten by the Western world.

Imperialism: Road to Suicide

This article is the third in the series, “The Crisis of the Individual,” which already includes articles by Reinhold Niebuhr and Leo Lowenthal published in the past two months.

Bazaar of the Senses

A Story.

The Month in History

As the first winter of liberation settled into the bones of Europe's millions, the struggle for simple survival was not yet over.

Solution for Palestine: A British View

The joint Anglo-American commission which is to report on the Jewish problem in Europe and Palestine has to deal with the most complex subject on our common political horizon.

Ley's Last Lie

There seem to be three kinds of anti-Semites: the snob, the rascal and the neurotic.

We Fought Back in France

On August 14, 1941 German occupation troops marched through the streets of a still docile Paris posting huge placards announcing the execution of three young Frenchmen.

From the American Scene: Leonard Bernstein: Theory and Practice

At Twenty-Seven, Leonard Bernstein has already conducted the country's major symphony orchestras, has appeared with the New York and Boston Symphonies as piano soloist, has done a highly successful ballet, Fancy Free, for the American Ballet Theatre, and provided the music for the great Broadway hit On the Town.

Cedars of Lebanon: XIX. Four Epistles to the Jews of England

“Four Epistles to the Jews of England” first appeared during 1901 in the Jewish Chronicle in London.

The Study of Man: Toward Intellectual Teamwork

More than five years have elapsed since the organization of the Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion in Their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life.

From Rabbi Baeck

A letter to the editor on the publication of COMMENTARY.

Integrating Two Strands

A letter to COMMENTARY--about COMMENTARY.

No Party Line

A letter about COMMENTARY.

Help Wanted—Now

Letters to the editor on Adolph Oko's review of Waldo Frank.

Sabbath Prayer Book, published by The Jewish Reconstructionist Foundation

Focus, by Arthur Miller

The Age of Jackson, by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.

Diagnosis of Our Time, by Karl Mannheim

Island of the Innocent, by Madeleine Kent, and Little Superman, by Heinrich Mann

Safeguarding Civil Liberty Today, by Carl L. Becker, Max Lerner, James Lawrence Fly, Robert E. Cushman, Francis Biddle, and Edmund Ezra Day

The Crisis in Human History

This article is the fourth in a series which aims to bring to bear the minds of a number of leading men of thought in America and Europe on a basic issue of our times, “The Crisis of the Individual.”

A Palestinian's Solution

Is there any hope of establishing a pattern of government and of living in Palestine on which a peaceful existence can be based?

The People Vs. Discrimination

The American people are today aroused as never before to the dangers—and the dollars-and-cents-cost—of racial and religious prejudice.

On Being of the B'nai B'rith

This address was written by Freud on the occasion of the celebration of his seventieth birthday by the B'nai B'rith Society of Vienna, on May 6, 1926.

Rumania: Equality with Reservations

My Interview with Father Constantin Burducea Minister of Religion, was very gratifying.

Nasty Kupperman and the Ku Klux Klan

A Story.

The Inner World of the Hasid

Nothing could be more difficult for the modern mind to grasp than the reality of Hasidism—the mystical movement that flourished in Poland in the 18th and 19th centuries and still exercises a far-flung influence on Jewish religious thinking and culture today.

Clem Has Been Here

What do American veterans think of the rest of the world?

The Freedom of the Chessboard

Jewish chess players, the Deutsche Schachzeitung said, were lacking in courage and devoid of creative ability.

The Arab League: Tool or Power?

A new political phenomenon burst upon the scene of Middle Eastern politics just about one year ago—the Arab League.

From the American Scene: The Jewish Delicatessen

When I was sixteen my father became convinced he would never make his fortune as a milkman and decided to give the free enterprise system a chance to show what it could do for him.

The Month in History

The historical fact upon which hung the Jewish interest as well as every other specific interest in the world was the sharpening conflict between the soviet Union's expansionism and Britain's effort to harmonize socialist evolution at home with colonial nationalism abroad.

Cedars of Lebanon: A New Conception of Jewish History

The title Universal History of the Jewish People, is an unusual one.

The Study of Man: Dice, Dr. Hayek and the Consumer

It may seem a far cry from shooting dice or playing chess to predicting how a battle between great economic combines will work out.

Nuremberg Will Serve Justice

Letters on Milton R. Konvitz's article “Will Nuremberg Serve Justice?”

Rebuttal

A letter on Lipkowitz's Nuremberg article.

Rejoinder to Dr. Gaster

Letters on Theodor H. Gaster's review of the Sabbath Prayer Book.

Proposal on Germany

A letter suggesting the creation of an organization to help displaced Jews and the Jews as a whole.

From Brazil

A reader relates an anecdote.

Wasteland, by Jo Sinclair

One Destiny, by Sholem Asch

Reveille for Radicals, by Saul D. Alinsky

The Rise of the Jew in the Western World, by Uriah Zevi Engelman

Puritanism and Democracy, by Ralph Barton Perry

Continuity: Anthology of American Yiddish Poetry, edited by Moshe Starkman

Religion Without Tears

Anyone these days who reads at all must have noted certain winds of doctrine that are sweeping over the spiritual awareness of men.

The Solitary

This article is the fifth in the series, “The Crisis of the Individual.”

No Hope Except Exodus

The recent statement of Lieutenant General Morgan, head of the German Division of UNRRA, that the remaining Jews of Poland are plotting an exodus from Europe, provoked a storm of protest so tragi-comic in its implications as to leave one in despair.

Chronicles of the Lost: American Series

“I don't like to see our people going to pieces, that's all.”—Mendel Quixano in The Melting-Pot by Israel Zangwill.

My Beginnings

The first thing that met my eyes was a tub. Simple, square, with rounded corners, and shallow. A tub from the bazaar. Once inside it, I filled it up entirely.

The Schools Fight Prejudice

Our country was built by immigrants—those who came to seek opportunity and those who were brought as slaves—and by the descendants of immigrants.

Richard Beer-Hofmann

On September 26, 1945 Richard Beer-Hofmann's princely life came to a close, fittingly enough, on the verge of patriarchal old age.

My Sister Hans

A Story.

Build Palestine on Realities

Upon my return from Palestine in 1912, I summed up my views in an article “Summa Summarum.”

France: A Nation Broods

The French today face the future in the frame of mind of an inexperienced swimmer approaching the water's edge.

The Month in History

In the Spring of 1946, it became clear that the United States at last had a foreign policy that was definite in at least one respect.

From the American Scene: My War with Sol Bloom

The other day, browsing through the English Dictionary of National Biography, I was rather surprised to stumble across the name of Julius Caesar.

From the American Scene: My Father's Russians

My Father, Herman Bernstein, in his professional life a dignified journalist and editor, was in his spare time a very easy mark for the fly-by-night publishing firms which, in the 200's, produced numerous imitations of “Who's Who in America.”

Cedars of Lebanon: Jewish Law and the Beautiful

We believe this essay of sharp relevance to the Jewish religious plight in our age.

The Study of Man: Polls on Anti-Semitism

Of all the tools utilized by the social sciences, public opinion polls have made the greatest impact on the American mind.

Needed: An Architectural Agency

A letter requesting the creation of an Architectural Agency to assist synagogue design.

The Dangers of Mass Culture

Letters on Leo Lowenthal's article, “Terror's Atomization of Man.”

Made in the U.S.A.

Letters on Cuba.

Brotherhood Week

Letters on Gaster's review of Sholem Asch's “One Destiny.”

Schechter and Catholic Israel

Letters on Solomon Schechter.

Word of Praise

Letters praising the creation of COMMENTARY.

The Jewish Dilemma, by Elmer Berger

Song of the Dnieper, by Zalman Shneour

The Wisdom of Ecclesiastes, by Robert Gordis

Star of the Unborn, by Franz Werfel

It's a Secret, by Henry Hoke, and Time Bomb, by E. A. Piller

Nationalities and National Minorities, by Oscar Janowsky, and The League of Nations and National Minorities, by Pablo de Azcarate

Man's Most Dangerous Myth, by M. F. Ashley Montagu

The Jewish State: Fifty Years After

Rereading Herzl's The Jewish State today is a peculiar experience.

Everyman Amid the Stereotypes

This article is the sixth in the series “The Crisis of the Individual.”

Poet of the Jewish Middle Class

The literary treatment of American Jewish life has always suffered from the psychological commitments of Jewish writers.

The Economic Outlook: Favorable If-

Almost everyone will agree that a high standard of living, steady jobs, good wages and favorable profits are all extremely desirable.

The Parachutists from Palestine

To the long line of legendary heroes of Israel, the Second World War has added the gallant band of young men and women known as the parachutists from Palestine.

The Foreigner

A Story.

Judaism and Christianity: Rivals or Partners?

The question in my title will perhaps seem odd; that I ask it at this time is the result of a cobbler not having stuck to his last.

Greece: Unused Cakes of Soap

The fashionable phrase in Salonika for a Jew back from deportation is “unused cake of soap.”

Death of the Flowers

A poem by Zalman Shneour.

Berlin Apartment House

In that undamaged house in a half-ruined German city, a bit crowded but not too uncomfortable, live fifty average Germans.

From the American Scene: The Jewish Stationery Store

When the New York Telephone Company gave my father a dollar-a-week raise in 1896, just as he got married, my mother was ecstatic.

The Month in History

In the Spring of 1946 the world was a suppliant before the heads of the three great states.

Cedars of Lebanon: A Rational Exposition of the Jewish Faith

The entrance of the Eastern Jew of the 8th century into lands of Western emancipation was vastly more than a change of country.

The Study of Man: The Social Scientists Dissect Prejudice

The intellectual current that now impels writers to talk about race prejudice has not left social scientists unmoved.

No Exodus Down Here

Letters on Shlomo Katz's article "No Hope Except Exodus."

Deploring Miss Buck

Letters on Pearl Buck's essay on individualism.

Approving Miss Buck

Letters on Pearl Buck's article on the "Crisis of the Individual."

The Ideal of Community

Letters on John Dewey's article.

Helping Others Help Themselves

Letters on Pearl Bucks essay on individualism.

Mr. Bernstein Protests

A letter from Leonard Bernstein on Kurt List's article.

Thought Provoking

A letter praising COMMENTARY.

Beyond FEPC

Letters on Felix Cohen's article "The People Vs. Discrimination."

Dep't of Editorial Fallibility

Corrections.

David the King, by Gladys Schmitt

The Case Against the Nazi War Criminals, by Robert H. Jackson

The Glory of Elsie Silver, by Louis Golding

Treasury for the Free World, edited by Ben Raeburn

This Is Judaism, by Ferdinand M. Isserman, and Conservative Judaism, by Robert Gordis

The Palestine Yearbook, edited by Sophie A. Udin

An Encyclopedia of Religion, edited by Vergilius Ferm

The Dilemma of Our Times

I should like to start with a story which is familiar.

Whittling Away Religious Freedom

Religious freedom, as based on the rigorous separation of church and state, has traditionally been regarded as one of the foundation stones of American democracy.

Argentina: The Choice Before Peron

When Argentinians return home from the United States, they usually carry with them the impression that the United States is not only a different country but a different world.

The Economic Outlook: The Unsolved Crisis

THE outlook for democracy and healthy intergroup living in America is, as we know, inextricably bound up with a sound and healthy national economy. The role which the economic crisis and...

Journal of Kibbutz Buchenwald

These are excerpts from the group diary of “Kibbutz Buchenwald,” an agricultural commune formed by some of the survivors of Buchenwald with the intention of going to Palestine.

The Guest

A Story.

The Central Problem of Modern Man

Waldo Frank's is the seventh article in the series “The Crisis of the Individual.”

Europe's Neurotic Nationalism

National independence movements in Europe have always had a strong hold on Americans.

The Month in History

For the first time in history Britain offered India, her jewel, full independence.

From the American Scene: My Sisters Take Culture

Whenever I watch my small daughter run barefoot and free at “rhythm class,” I remember how my devoted mother kept buying expensive ballet slippers for my sisters and me.

Cedars of Lebanon: Study as a Mode of Worship

The ancient world knew many man's devotion to his God or his idol.

The Study of Man: The Philosophic Scene: Scientific Method on the Defensive

During the last few years philosophers in the United States have been engaged in a profound searching of heart.

Ex Post Facto at Nuremberg

Letters on Max Radin's review of The Case Against the Nazi War Criminals.

Exodus is Not Retreat

Letters on Rorty's letter on Katz's article.

Most Understanding and Objective

Letter's on Hertzberg's analysis.

Wanted: Poetry

A letter requesting that poetry be printed in COMMENTARY.

Arch of Triumph, by Erich Maria Remarque

Grooves of Change, by Viscount Samuel

Pirke Aboth, edited by H. Travers Herford, and Sayings of the Fathers or Pirke Aboth, edited by the Very Reverend Dr. Joseph H. Hertz

Confessions of a European Intellectual, by Franz Schoenberner

The Gospel According to Gamaliel, by Gerald Heard, Behold Your King, by Florence Marvyne Bauer, and The Lance of Longinus, by Prince Hubertus zu Lowenstein

One Nation, by Wallace Stegner, One America, edited by F. J. Brown and J. S. Roucek, and A Nation of Nations, by Louis Adamic

EFFECTIVE union of text and pictures lends a stirring quality to One Nation, an account of underprivilege among the fractional groups in the American population. A sensitive camera moves among...

The Anglo-American Report Points the Way

A Zionist Pioneer's Reaction

The Germans and the Jews: Postwar Report

Amidst the ruins of an ancient German city, the leader of a crew that was clearing away wreckage pointed to an inscription on a toppling wall near the site of the former Nazi party headquarters.

Grace After Bread

Wherever Jews live in accordance with their traditions, they are united at “all the ends of the earth” by similar forms of prayer.

A Peaceable Answer to the Russian Challenge

President Truman said in his first message to Congress on April 16, 1945: “In this shrinking world, it is futile to seek safety behind geographical barriers. Real security will be found only in law and justice.”

The Examination

A Story.

A Psychoanalytic Approach to Anti-Semitism

The instinctual structure of the average man in Germany was no different in 1935 from what it was in 1925.

Understanding Jewish Resistance in Palestine

For the first time since the days of Bar Kochba, Jews have appeared on the historical scene fighting with arms for their national rights.

Cesar Tiempo: Argentine Poet

Cesar Tiempo is the pen name of Israel Zeitlin, a naturalized Argentine born in the Ukraine in 1906.

The Month in History

Lucretius held that the world took its origin from the swerving of the atoms.

From the American Scene: One Touch of Delicatessen

Featuring Samuel Persky, Wolf Melamed, Charles Yale Harrison, Orson Welles, Joshua Starr, Daniel Bell, Louis Berg, Barbara Gould, and J. W. Savinar.

Cedars of Lebanon: Can Judaism Survive in Free America?

In considering the problem of Judaism, I am probably expected to set out with an exact definition of what I understand by the term “Judaism.”

The Study of Man: Government by Manipulation

Even a very careful reader of magazines would get almost no notion of what the social sciences did and learned in the war, if anything.

Is There a Crisis of the Individual?

Letter on the "Crisis of the Individual."

Harmonizing Religion and Science

Letters on Sidney Hook's article.

The First Freedom, by Morris L. Ernst

The Economic Mind in American Civilization: 1606-1865, by Joseph Dorfman

The Wise Men of Helm, by Solomon Simon

Life, I Salute You! by Boris Kader; My Caravan of Years: An Autobiography, by Goldie Stone; and The Son of the Lost Son, by Soma Morgenstern

The Creative Mind, by Henri Bergson

Seven Books on Nazi Atrocities

Nationalism is the Enemy

The question of whether the world can overcome nationalism and learn to think in supra-national terms concerns all of humanity and not only Jews.

Between the Millstones in Poland

The Jews of Poland are on the march.

The Gift of Sholom Aleichem

One of Sholom Aleichem's plays is called “It's Hard To Be A Jew.”

Race Discrimination in Trade Unions

The racial policies of American unions vary from the outright exclusion of some minority groups to their complete acceptance, with all the rights and privileges of members.

Hollywood's Terror Films

Films saturated with terror and sadism have issued from Hollywood in such numbers recently as to become commonplace.

The Hut

A Poem.

The Month in History

When four men met at Munich in 1938, one of them returned home to proclaim that they had achieved “peace in our time.”

Shock Treatment

A Story.

The Journal of Kibbutz Buchenwald

Our comrades returned on August 10 from Bergen-Belsen, where they had contacted the halutz group in connection with our move to Palestine.

London: British Jewry Postwar

The situation here in London is as tense as it is confusing.

From the American Scene: Back to Eighty-Sixth Street

After three army years, two in Europe, within six days after docking I was home—eager to plunge into the difficulties of which we were assured, and the delights of which I was certain.

Cedars of Lebanon: Christian Mystery and Jewish Moral Drama

The power of the ethical is always more obvious in Judaism than in Christianity.

The Study of Man: The Immigrant in American History

Historical literature dealing with the immigrant and the “ethnic” group in American life is voluminous.

The Social Scientist's Responsibility

Letters on Nathan Glazer's “Government by Manipulation.”

Centuries Even of Friendship

Letters on COMMENTARY'S view of The Lance of Longinus.

Ethics for Social Scientists

Letters on Nathan Glazer's article.

No Problem for Mr. Bernays

Letters on Nathan Glazer's "Government by Manipulation."

Social Scientists are Citizens

Letters on Nathan Glazer's "Government by Manipulation."

On Released Time

Letters on Milton Konvitz's "Whittling Away Religious Freedom."

Mr. Sloan Replies

Letters: Mr. Sloan replies.

The Retort Amused

Letters on List's review of my Confessions of a European Intellectual.

Passage from Home, by Isaac Rosenfeld

Palestine: Problem and Promise, by Robert R. Nathan, Oscar Gass, Donald Creamer

A History of Jewish Art, by Franz Landsberger

Germany Tried Democracy, by S. William Halperin

On the Nature of Value: The Philosophy of Samuel Alexander, by Milton R. Konvitz

Values for Survival, by Lewis Mumford

This Century of Betrayal

The 20th century has betrayed the 18th century's ideas of human freedom and the 19th century's progress toward their achievement.

The Promise and the Pale

It is time the Gentile took careful notice of Sholom Aleichem.

Empire and Zionism: A Bankrupt Partnership

The sentimentality or Byronic romanticism of Zionism has received far more emphasis than the politico-economic currents that have constituted its real strengths or weaknesses.

Atonement

A Poem.

Checkmate for Rabble-Rousers

What should be done when a rabble-rouser appears on the local scene?

Germany is No More

“Germany” has become a word without meaning.

The Presence is in Exile, Too

A Story.

Jewish Music on Records

Phonograph records, once dismissed as “canned music,” today hold a high estate—indeed they represent a kind of official canon of public taste.

The Month in History

All the world was divided into two parts.

International Bill of Rights: Second Phase

At the very outset of World War II the notion of an international recognition and declaration of human rights had been put forward by governments and by private bodies and individuals as one of the major purposes of the struggle.

France: Nothing is Concluded

It is indeed disillusioning to rub elbows with the great of this world, and all the charm of the Parisian summer cannot alter the fact.

From the American Scene: Sarah to Sylvia to Shirley

Many are the aspects of names and naming: names affect the persons who bear them, names are taboos, names act as charms or prophylactics.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Debate on the Messiah at Tortosa

This is a copy of the epistle that the great sage Abu Astruc sent to the holy congregation in Gerona, in the year 5173.

The Study of Man: Whither Civilization?

Although in its quiet way England has staged a social revolution, he would be a courageous man who would assert that any conscious process of thought accompanied it.

At Ease in Zion

Letters on Aaron Frankel's "From the American Scene: Back to Eighty-Sixth Street."

Back Talk from 86th Street

Letters on Aaron Frankel's “Back to Eighty-Sixth Street.”

Secularism is the Trouble

Letters on Aaron Frankel's article "Back to Eighty-Sixth Street."

The Road to Security

Letters on Aaron M. Frankel's “Back to Eighty-Sixth Street."

The Churches Admit Failure

Letters on Doctor Konvitz' “Whittling Away Religious Freedom.”

Scholarship and Charm

Letters on David Baumgardt's essay “Grace After Bread.”

Acknowledgment

A correction.

The Faith of a Liberal, by Morris R. Cohen

The Black Book: The Nazi Crime Against the Jewish People; and Hitler's Professors, by Max Weinreich

The American, by Howard Fast

Out of This Century, by Peggy Guggenheim

Gentile and Jew: A Symposium, edited by Chaim Newman

Philosophical Classics in Hebrew

Palestine Plans and Counter-Plans

Despite the Paris Peace Conference and the German question, that main issue of the postwar world still looming unsettled in the background, the British public and press continue to be occupied with Palestine to a degree quite out of proportion to the real scale of the problem and of the country concerned.

The True, the Good, and the Jew

The faith of a Jew is the faith of a man for whom there are no synods, no edicts, no authorities to whom he can turn for final answers to his questions regarding the specific nature of things, mundane or divine.

Death of a Killer

One afternoon last spring a man lay dying. But this was no ordinary man. He was a Nazi.

I Wish They Wouldn't Do That!

“Dr. Benjamin Fine, Education Editor, New York Times, will direct the first institute on public relations for Jewish community leaders,” a news item in Editor and Publisher states.

Hungary-Rumania: Crime and Punishment

The average reader—as he follows day-to-day news stories from abroad and the run of political comment on them—seldom gets the one thing that interests him most: the sense of what living in these various countries is like for the ordinary citizen.

A Story of Women

A Story.

Economic Development and World Crisis

That Western culture as a whole is in the grip of a serious crisis is a fact, about which it is hardly necessary to go into detail.

The Month in History

The two parts into which the world now found itself divided went their separate ways.

The Caucasian Mountain Jews

For many centuries, the so-called Caucasian Mountain Jews have been living isolated in their remote and lofty auls, or villages.

From the American Scene: The Lost Young Intellectual

A new social type has appeared in recent years on the American Jewish scene.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Great Wall of China

A Story.

The Study of Man: Jewish Personality Traits

There has been much talk of Jewish personality traits, but little study of them.

Dr. Senator Explains His Resignation from Jewish Agency

Letter to the Editor: David Werner Senator's resigns.

Enough Rope

Letters on Fineberg's “Checkmate for Rabble-Rousers.”

An Inspired Poet

Letters on “Cesar Tiempo: Argentine Poet,” by Donald D. Walsh.

Religion in the Public Schools

Letters on Milton R. Konvitz's “Whittling Away Religious Freedom.”

What's in a Name?

Letters on A. A. Roback's article “Sarah to Sylvia to Shirley.”

Essay Contest

Religious Liberty: An Inquiry, by M. Searle Bates

All the King's Men, by Robert Penn Warren

The River Jordan, by Nelson Glueck

The Perennial Philosophy, by Aldous Huxley; and Vedanta for the Western World, by Christopher Isherwood

Democratic Education, by Benjamin Fine; and Education for Modern Man, by Sidney Hook

Is America Exile or Home?

Because of the war and the extermination camps, America's Jewish community has today become the largest and strongest in the world.

Opera: Music for the Masses

When the curtain goes up on season's opening at the Metropolitan Opera, the audience presents a picture of aristocratic splendor and ostentation.

A Palestinian Warns against Small States

The association of the two concepts statehood and smallness contains a fundamental absurdity.

The Bratzlav Rabbi to His Scribe

A Poem.

Egypt: Empire and Araby

Egypt (March-April, 1945)—My fourth visit to Cairo.

Western Personality and Social Crisis

There is a widespread conviction that we are currently in the midst of one of the worst social crises in human history.

Adam and I

A Story.

The Month in History

In the fall of 1946 it became evident that the executive branch of the United States government was in a state of collapse.

How Fight Rabble-Rousers?

A discussion on Solomon Andhil Fineberg's “Checkmate for Rabble-Rousers.”

From the American Scene: The Jewish Spirit in the Machine Age Uncle Julius and the BMT

I know what you're thinking you're thinking I made up Uncle Julius, that there is no such person . . . listen, why should we argue?

From the American Scene: The Jewish Spirit in the Machine Age The Technical Expert

The ship, a steamer of 7,000 tons, carried 1,100 passengers.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Red Calf

The day I am talking about was one of those brilliant, balmy summer days when the sparkling skies are completely blue.

The Study of Man: Are Businessmen Human Beings?

Increasingly in recent years economists have become concerned with the psychological why's and wherefores of economic behavior.

Back to 86th Street

Letters on Aaron M. Frankel's “Back to Eighty-Sixth Street.”

Empire and Zionism

Letters on Victor Eppstein's “Empire and Zionism: A Bankrupt Partnership.”

Jewish Music on Records

Letters on Kurt List's “Jewish Music on Records.”

The Pot and the Kettle

Letters on A. A. Roback's “Sarah to Sylvia to Shirley."

From a French Leader

A letter from Marceau Pivert.

A Partisan Guide to the Jewish Problem, by Milton Steinberg

Act of Faith and Other Stories, by Irwin Shaw

The Death of Virgil, by Hermann Broch

For All Mankind, by Leon Blum

The Story of the Jewish Legion, and An Answer to Ernest Bevin, by Vladimir Jabotinsky; To Whom Palestine?, by Frank Gervasi; The Zionist Movement, by Israel Cohen; The Jews and Palestine, by S. Levenberg

Rembrandt, the Jews and the Bible, by Franz Sternberger

The Common Man of the Nazis

The outbreak of the war put an end once and for all to the large but undistinguished body of anti-Nazi literature that flourished in the 30's.

Father Benoit: Ambassador of the Jews

The time, October 1943. Italy was out of the war, but the Germans were rapidly taking over in Rome and elsewhere, and veteran Nazi divisions had halted the parade of the American and British forces up the Italian peninsula.

The Lost Chance for Full Employment

The turbulent reconversion period which began with V-J Day, and ended a few weeks ago with President Truman's scuttling of meat controls and stabilization, will go down in history as a period of lost opportunity.

We Wish You Wouldn't Do That!

One of the most hopeful developments in group relations in the United States during recent years has been the melting away of the reluctance to bring the problem out into the open for full and free discussion.

Palestine Issues and Congress Agenda: Curfew in Jerusalem

There's a curfew in Jerusalem. It has been in force for nearly three weeks, and there is no indication that it will end soon.

Palestine Issues and Congress Agenda: Construction, Not War

After the adjournment until December of the Palestine Conference in London, representatives of the Jewish Agency entered into “unofficial” discussions with members of the British government in an attempt to establish conditions that would permit the Agency to participate in the Conference when its sessions are resumed.

Modern Man's Anxiety: Its Remedy

Twenty-five centuries of philosophical study and argument have deepened our insight into the problem of the individual.

The Month in History

In the struggle between totalitarianism and democracy, there were significant developments on both sides.

The Gift of the Emperor

A Story.

Austria: Way-Station of Exodus

Vienna (July 1946)—Three boys, aged about seven, were furiously at work in a comer of the common room, stuffing fresh white bread into their faces as fast as it could go.

From the American Scene: My Father and Mr. Preston

A Story.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Journey to Zion

Poems by Jehuda Halevi.

The Study of Man: Can We Fight Prejudice Scientifically?

The three-day Public Relations Workshop recently sponsored in New York by the American Council of Race Relations brought into sharp focus the quandary in which workers in the field of combating group prejudice find themselves today.

Darwin was the Betrayer

Letters on Hans Kohn's "This Century of Betrayal."

I Wish They Wouldn't Do That

A note from the Editor on “I Wish They Wouldn't Do That!”

Profiteering

Letters on October's “The Month in History.”

The Immigrant in American History

Letters on Edward N. Saveth's “The Immigrant in American History.”

For The Record

Letters on November's "The Month in History."

About COMMENTARY

Letters about COMMENTARY.

Program Notes

Letters on Kurt List's “Jewish Music on Records.”

Thieves in the Night, by Arthur Koestler

The Roots of American Loyalty, by Merle Curti

Island in the Atlantic, by Waldo Frank

Light from the Ancient Past, by Jack Finegan

Burning Lights, by Bella Chagall

Years of Wrath: A Cartoon History: 1931-1945, by David Low