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1950
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 January, 1950

American Jews Through Israeli Eyes:
A Traveler's Report on Some Current Attitudes

Arthur Hertzberg

“Why don't you stay in Israel? Why didn't more Americans come to fight? Why don't you send us more money? What are you American Jews like anyway?”

British Labor's Half-Way House:
The Socialist Government Faces the Electorate

George Lichtheim

In deciding not to hold a general election during 1949, the Labor government has defied the combined pressure of the Conservative opposition, the Liberals, and its own left wing, all of whom, though for different reasons, had been pressing for an early appeal to the electorate.

A Humanist Religion for Modern Men:
Judaism as a This-Worldly Way of Life

Israel Knox

It is by now hardly news that there is a reviving interest among younger Jewish thinkers and writers in religion, as such, and in Judaism, in particular.

The Jews Under Turkey's “New Deal”:
The Struggle for Democracy is Still Not Won

Hal Lehrman

One Sunday morning last October, on a street in Istanbul, which ordinarily dozes through every seventh day, the flag of modern Zion broke out officially for the first time under the Turkish sky from the mast of the newly-recognized State of Israel's Consulate.

The Ordeal of Arnold Friedman, Painter:
Life and Works of an American Jewish Artist

William Schack

There is a kind of artist we all know whose last will and scrapbook contains no appreciation of his work as long as his obituary in the New York Times.

Dickens, Fagin, and Mr. Riah:
The Intention of the Novelist

Edgar Johnson

Agitation about the film version of Oliver Twist and its release in Berlin has given widespread currency to a belief that Charles Dickens himself was anti-Semitic, and that Fagin was conceived as “a savage racial caricature.”

The Dowry
A Story

Harry Feltenstei Jr.

A Story.

Nicodemus

Howard Nemerov

A Poem.

Rudolf Borchardt: Poet of Assimilation:
The Extreme Case of an Extreme Tendency

Heinz Politzer

The death sentence pronounced (though never carried out) on Rudolf Borchardt by the Nazis (most incompetent of judges) recalls the tragic irony that hovers over some of Shakespeare's fools.

Scene With Figure

Babette Deutsch

A Poem.

From the American Scene: The Peanut Machine and the Kramers

Louis Zara

Promptly at five minutes to six each evening Papa Kramer pushed open the gate to the yard, came wearily down the broken walk, climbed the porch stairs, opened the screen door, set down his lunch-box, and asked, “Supper ready?”

Cedars of Lebanon: The Creation

Reader Letters

The Aggada is made up of stories, dialogues, homilies, sayings, proverbs, fables, and riddles scattered through the Mishna and the Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds, as well as other sources.

On the Horizon: A Musician Speaks Out

Chemjo Vinaver

One of the interesting effects of the creation of the State of Israel has been the sudden and frantic search for a “re-orientation” and a “new program” for Jewish life in America.

The Study of Man: The Prophets of the New Conservatism

Gertrude Himmelfarb

At the close of 1820, a year of rebellion in Spain, Portugal, and Naples, of political assassination in France and conspiratorial activity in England, Prince Metternich composed a “Confession of Faith.”

Mr. Kristol Replies

Reader Letters

Another View

Reader Letters

Religion in Literature

Reader Letters

Judaic Lore in Heine

Reader Letters

Low Life and High Life

Reader Letters

What Makes Richmond Run

Reader Letters

Letters to My Son, by Dagobert D. Runes

Reviewed by Monroe Engel

Knight's Gambit, by William Faulkner

Reviewed by Martin Greenberg

 February, 1950

The U.N. Tangle Over Jerusalem:
Prospects for a Settlement

Hal Lehrman

Behind closely guarded walls somewhere in the broad but sparsely populated territories knit together by King Abdullah's British-trained Arab Legion, emissaries of Jordan and Israel are currently parleying for a treaty of peace.

Discrimination in the Colleges Dies Hard:
Progress Report on an American Sore Spot

Edward N. Saveth

Most American Jews continue to react to discrimination in the universities with a sense of outraged hurt and despair—a reaction that some observers find excessive.

Hunger Is Obsolete, If-
The Unused Weapon to Win the Cold War

James Rorty

The fact and the fear of hunger have ruled the world as long as human creatures have walked it.

A Religious Bridge between Jew and Christian:
Shall We Recognize Two Covenants?

Hans Joachim Schoeps

There are, today, many weighty reasons for supposing that the Jewish and Christian communities that have traveled side by side through history for almost nineteen hundred years should wish to understand each other.

I Was My Father

Jacob Sloan

A Poem.

I Kill a Nazi Gauleiter:
Memoir of a Jewish Assassin

David Frankfurter

Of course a plan like this, standing in the sharpest contradiction to my nature, my education, my general beliefs and religious attitudes, the kind of project that must always be the exception that negates all maxims, could not have developed in a straight line. . . .

Jewish Art and the Fear of the Image:
The Escape from an Age-Old Inhibition

Herbert Howarth

When interpreted by Gentiles, the commandment “Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image. . . .” is usually attributed to the Israelites' hatred of the idolatry of neighboring nations.

The Knife
A Story

Sholom Aleichem

A Story.

Shabbat in Tel Aviv:
Israel on the Seventh Day

Ruth Gruber

Israel is at peace. That is the thing a traveler feels most keenly in this year-old war-scarred state.

From the American Scene:The Woman Downstairs

Alfred Kazin

When I was fourteen, and lived in Brownsville, the drugstore on our corner was bought one day by a strange little man named Solovey.

Cedars of Lebanon: Revealment and Concealment in Language

Hayim Nahman Bialik

Hayim Nahman Bialik (1873-1934), the foremost poet of the Hebrew renaissance, treats a problem that has assumed particular relevance not only in modern literature, but in modern culture as a whole.

On the Horizon: Interfaith at Walla Walla

Joseph H. Gumbiner

My invitation to spend a week at Whitman College in Walla Walla, Washington, came as an emergency request from the Jewish Chautauqua Society.

Promenade

David Ignatow

A Poem.

Study of Man: The French Turn to Psychoanalysis

Sherry Mangan

A remarkable phenomenon about France has for several decades passed relatively unnoticed, save by the practitioners of psychoanalysis themselves.

Books for Jewish Children

Reader Letters

Raising Musical Standards

Reader Letters

Mr. Vinaver Replies

Reader Letters

Jews in Transition, by Albert I. Gordon

Reviewed by Oscar Handlin

Rehearsal for Destruction, by Paul Massing

Reviewed by Samuel J. Hurwitz

Baxter Bernstein, by Stephen Seley

Reviewed by Paul Goodman

 March, 1950

Europe Turns to the Right:
The Dangerous Weakness of the Democratic Left

David C. Williams

Europeans used to remark on the fatality by which, between the wars, governments of the Left in France confronted governments of the Right in Great Britain.

Do Israeli Ties Conflict with U.S. Citizenship?:America Demands a Single Loyalty

Dorothy Thompson

There exists a famous American document to which reference is often made, but which few people read.

Do Israeli Ties Conflict with U.S. Citizenship?: America Recognizes Diverse Loyalties

Oscar Handlin

Dorothy Thompson's fears are groundless.

Six Poems

Delmore Schwartz

Poems.

Is Science Evil?
Answering the Attack on Modern Knowledge and Technology

Karl Jaspers

No one questions the immense significance of modern science.

The Battle of Abington Township:
A Case History in Cooperative Housing

Morton M. Hunt

A few miles north of Philadelphia on route 611 is the Township of Abington, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.

Man's Morals and God's Will:
The Meaning of Abraham's Sacrifice

David Baumgardt

Goethe credited himself with having put a good deal of mystery into his Faust.

Peretz at Home:
A Young Writer Meets the Great Yiddish Litterateur

J. J. Trunk

When my Uncle Yosel left Kutno for Lublin, he wanted to have nothing to do with the Hasidim there, but he did bring with him his enthusiasm for Haskalah [enlightenment] and literature.

The Death of the Prophet
A Story

James Baldwin

A Story.

From the American Scene: Seventh Avenue: Boss and Worker

Wallace Markfield

He started west from the Lower East Side and then reached a point beyond which he could not pass; this was Seventh Avenue and he settled there.

Cedars of Lebanon: Adam and Eve and the Serpent

Reader Letters

This the third of a series of translations from the Bialik-Ravnitzky Sefer Ha-Aggada.

On the Horizon: Franz Werfel: Reporter of the Sublime

Heinz Politzer

In a review of Franz Werfel's poems, 1908-1945, Erich Kahler wrote (COMMENTARY, February 1948): “Franz Werfel was a bad author and a great poet. . . ."

Study of Man: What Sociology Knows About American Jews

Nathan Glazer

The sociology of Jews—like a good part of sociology in general—has developed out of the ideological and practical needs of various social and political tendencies.

Mr. Hook Replies

Reader Letters

Richmond's Rabbi Calisch

Reader Letters

Mr. Herberg Replies

Reader Letters

Our Suffering Readers

Reader Letters

A Correction

Reader Letters

The Crippled Giant, by Milton Hindus

Reviewed by Irving Howe

 April, 1950

The American Credo Survives the Modern Crisis:
The “Great Exception” in a New Version

Golo Mann

Of late it has become customary to consider the United States a conservative country—even the most conservative, the one remaining conservative country.

Is Egypt Planning a Second Round?
A Key Sector of the Arab-Israel Cold War

Brian Faulkner

Fifteen months have now gone by since Egypt—the first of the Arab League countries to negotiate with the new Jewish state—signed an armistice with Israel at Rhodes.

The Postwar Revival of the Synagogue:
Does it Reflect a Religious Reawakening?

Will Herberg

There is a religious revival under way among American Jews today.

Saving Asia for Democracy:
A Realistic Basis for American Policy in the Far East

Sidney Hertzberg

We have fallen flat on our faces in China.

The Blue Piano of Else Lasker-Schueler:
A Hebrew Poetess in the German Tongue

Heinz Politzer

On a cold winter's day at the end of 1944, as the war was drawing to its close, we buried Else Lasker-Schueler.

Bread Gathering

Ralph Gordon

A Poem.

Montreal: The Bonds of Community:
The Town Within the City

Betty Sigler

Montreal is Canada's largest city: but to be a Jew there is to live in a small town.

Israel, Human Rights, and American Jewry:
New Roles in the Centuries-Old Struggle

Robert Weltsch

In the protracted struggle within the United Nations for the securing of a Bill of Rights for all human beings, wherever they live, the Jews have been recognized as an interested party, and Jewish organizations accorded a special status.

The Campaign
A Story

Julius Horwitz

A Story.

From the American Scene: Boyhood in Mobile

Joseph M. Proskauer

In Mobile during the ante-bellum days, a strikingly large proportion of the population was foreign born.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Pious Cat

Y. L. Peretz

Three songbirds successively occupied the same cage, and each in turn succumbed to the cat.

On the Horizon: Anti-Semitism in Socialism

Samuel Gringauz

Since the touchstone that Jewish thought has not infrequently applied to any political or social movement is the movement's attitude toward anti-Semitism, the appearance at this time of a distinct anti-Socialist bias among certain Jewish thinkers is not surprising.

Study of Man: The “Break-Up” of the American Family

Dennis H. Wrong

The “break-up” of the family has become a perennial theme of American sociologists.

Conservatism and Freedom

Reader Letters

Miss Himmelfarb Replies

Reader Letters

The Wall, by John Hersey

Reviewed by David Daiches

Southern Politics, by V. O. Key, Jr.

Reviewed by Richard Hofstadter

The Prophetic Faith, by Martin Buber

Reviewed by Emil L. Fackenheim

 May, 1950

Congress Blocks the Civil Rights Program:
Haw to Break the FEPC Log Jam

Scott Fowler

At 3:15 am on February 23, the House of Representatives held its sixty-third roll call of the present session.

A European Declaration of Independence:
French Culture is Doomed, Unless

Jean-Paul Sartre

We in France hear it said all about us that French culture is being threatened.

Unbiblical History

Chester Kallman

A Poem.

The Autobiography of Weizmann's Zionism:
The Road from Motol to Jerusalem

Solomon F. Bloom

Chaim Weizmann has attained the distinction of an elder statesman of the world.

After Recognition

Jackson MacLow

A Poem.

German Youth in a Vacuum:
The Threat of a New Lost Generation

Norbert Muhlen

On the badly bombed campus of the University of Freiburg, the American Friends' Foreign Service Committee has built a barracks where students can read foreign magazines, take home English or German books from the circulating library, listen to free lectures—or just talk.

Marquand's Vanishing American Aristocracy:
Good Manners and the Good Life

Nathan Glick

John Phillips Marquand is, alas, our most accomplished novelist of manners.

What Happened to Me in My Childhood:
A Document of Modern History

Ephraim Shtenkler

In Bialisk my family was rich and we also had a shop and life was pleasant.

The Expatriate

Julius Horwitz

A Story.

The Modern Jew's Path to God:
Inviting the Great Encounter

Emil L. Fackenheim

Any Jewish religious thinking that would do justice to both its Jewish sources and to the spiritual and intellectual condition of modern man will have to begin with the recognition that Judaism is not a system of ideas, but a form of religious existence.

From the American Scene: 'Twas a Dark Night in Brownsville

William Poster

In the 1920's, when I was very young, every New York Jew could feel certain about one thing: he was superior to anyway living in Brownsville.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Time We Waited for the Messiah

I. J. Singer

“The Messiah will come in the year 5666 [1906]”—that was the idea afloat among the Jews in the small town of Leczyna in Russian Poland. It

On the Horizon: Menotti's “The Consul”

Heinz Politzer

Gian-Carlo Menott's “musical drama” The Consul has been received with great acclaim.

The Study of Man: Changing Social Status and Prejudice

S. M. Lipset

In recent years it has been the fashion among American sociologists to belittle or more commonly to ignore the work of the earliest American sociologists/

Jewish Cookery, by Leah W. Leonard

Reviewed by Agnes McCrea Davis

To Dwell in Safety, by Mark Wischnitzer

Reviewed by Sidney Liskofsky

Thespis, by Theodor H. Gaster

Reviewed by Francis Fergusson

 June, 1950

The Quality of Life in Israel's Collectives:
Pioneering a Socialism Without Regimentation

Lewis S. Feuer

There had been rumors during the 30's of the communal settlements in Palestine.

Jewish Identity in a Free Society:
On Current Efforts to Enforce “Total Commitment”

Harold Rosenberg

Few of us are duplicates of our grandfathers, in either thought, feeling, speech, or appearance.

Tito's Threat to Stalin's Empire:
The Role America Can Play

Peter Meyer

To paraphrase the opening sentences of a century-old political pamphlet: A specter is haunting Communist Europe—the specter of Titoism.

We Who Sit in Darkness:
The Broadway Audience at the Play

Alfred Kazin

If you love the theater.

Long Ago at the Well

Ralph Gordon

A Poem.

South Africa: Life on a Volcano:
The Jewish Community in a Caste Society

Bernard Sachs

Two developments have in recent years drawn attention to the Jews of South Africa, who had previously lived, worked, prospered, and encountered problems in a twilight zone outside the ken of most other Jews.

Nadelman: Recluse of Riverdale:
The Artist as Personality

Alfred Werner

In the early years of this century there was an impecunious young Jewish sculptor who kept a dingy little studio on the Left Bank in Paris, worked hard, and rarely appeared in the cafés.

The Tragic Farce of Denazification: Two Ladies of the Regime

Alfred Polgar

The scene is a middle-sized room with two windows.

The Tragic Farce of Denazification: Death of a Writer

F.S. Grosshut

Klaus Mann died on May 22, 1949 of an over dose of sleeping tablets.

From the American Scene: I Cash Clothes!

Donald Paneth

The shops of New York City's second-hand clothing dealers crowd the bottom of Elizabeth Street on the rim of Manhattan's Lower East Side, in the block below Canal Street.

Restless as a Wolf

Moshe Leib Halpern

A Poem.

Cedars of Lebanon: Myth in Judaism

Martin Buber

There is perhaps no better way of clarifying our own sense of the myth, than to ask how Plato understood the meaning of this word.

On the Horizon: Theological Conference: Cincinnati, 1950

Eugene Borowitz

If the purpose of the Institute on Reform Jewish Theology, held at the Hebrew Union College on March 20-22, was to formulate a declaration of belief, then it was a failure.

The Study of Man: The Authoritarian Personality in Profile

Nathan Glazer

Four years ago, this department reported on an approach to the study of prejudice which, it was predicted, held great promise for the future.

The Jews in Montreal

Reader Letters

Abington Township

Reader Letters

Reason and Law, by Morris Raphael Cohen

Reviewed by Daniel J. Boorstin

 July, 1950

Nationalism: Enemy or Ally?
Can Democracy Afford the Internationalist Fetish?

Richard H. S.

One of the queerest phenomena of the 20th century has been the cult in America and Britain of “internationalism.”

The Spartan Youth of Israel:
A Generation Searches for Its Soul

J. L. Teller

The presence and predominance of Israel's youth is overpowering.

Hitler and the Idea of Greatness:
Force Is Our Only Measure

Simone Weil

A method of education does not amount to much if it is not inspired by an idea of human perfection.

Two Poems

David Ignatow

After the Storm and Summer.

Creating an Organic Community:
A Blueprint to Assure American Jewry's Future

Robert Gordis

The problem of the structure and form of the American Jewish community of the future is being widely discussed today from almost every conceivable point of view.

No Greater Love
A Story

Mortimer Slaiman

A Story.

Gothic Landscape

Irving Layton

A Poem.

Mahler: Father of Modern Music:
He Led the Break with Romanticism

Kurt List

Romantic music, most fully developed in the work of German composers of the mid-19th century, remains a favorite with modern audiences.

The Last Days of Jewish Salonica:
What Happened to a 450-Year-Old Civilization

Cecil Roth

The fate of the Jews of Salonica at the hands of the Nazis is an episode of recent history that for some reason or other has been relatively overlooked.

Portrait of the Inauthentic Negro:
How Prejudice Distorts the Victim's Personality

Anatole Broyard

Recently, in a night club, I heard—or rather watched—a Negro entertainer do a song about racial discrimination.

From the American Scene: Culture on Rutgers Square

S. L. Blumenson

What St. Stephen's Plate was to Vienna, Rutgers Square was to New York's Lower East Side at the turn of the century.

Cedars of Lebanon: Rashi on the Creation

Reader Letters

In the beginning (b'reshit) created God (Gen. 1:1).

On the Horizon: Sherwood Anderson and the Power Urge

Irving Howe

Sherwood Anderson's first novel, Windy McPherson's Son, is a direct reflection of his personal problems at the time he wrote it.

The Study of Man: The Statisdemon

Samuel Yellen

We now find it hard to believe that the recent disaster came upon us so fast.

Mr. Konvitz Replies

Reader Letters

 August, 1950

France's Homeless Left:
The Slow Awakening from the Communist Dream

Herbert Luthy

Between the totalitarian fortress of the French Communist party and an untenanted liberal-socialist house of cards in which the remnants of the “third force” have been trying to set up housekeeping, there lies a vast no-man's-land in which the groups and group-lets of the French Left wander about in search of a position.

Human Morality and the Nazi Terror:
The Problem of the “Useless Mouths”

L. Poliakov

Though full equality is a mirage or a hope for the future, the problem of human equality in the face of famine had long ceased to confront Western society until it was raised again in all its nakedness by the Nazi terror in Europe.

The Future of American Zionism:
What Is Still to Be Done?

Ludwig Lewisohn

It takes no long reflection to make it clear that no important aspect in the life of an ethnic or religious group can be soundly discussed or interpreted without some definition of the group, the aspect in question, the precise present situation of both.

New York, 1950:
Unofficial Notes of a Census-Taker

Julius Horwitz

The first doorbell I rang was answered by an old widowed Negro woman who lived alone on the top floor of a red-brick office building in the financial district of Manhattan.

Gandhi: Self-Realization Through Politics:
The Mystery of Leadership

Isaac Rosenfeld

There has probably never been another “great man” who has written so simple and direct a book as Gandhi's Autobiography .

Israel's Modern Poetry:
New Voices, New Modes of Speech

Herbert Howarth

It might be said that a fourth generation of writers is just rising in Israel.

Six Poems from the Hebrew: The Books

Nathan Alterman

A Poem.

Plaint of a Gentile Intellectual:
A New “Minority Problem”?

Chandler Brossard

There is a new Alienated Man around.

A Messy Leave
A Story

Amos Mossenson

A Story.

From the American Scene: Private Enterprise in the Bronx

Milton Kaplan

Westward from Crotona Park, the Bronx drops so precipitously that a sled, unimpeded, can start at Fulton Avenue and hurtle past Bathgate, Washington, Park, and finally come to rest at the bottom of the valley on Webster Avenue.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Decay of the Generations

Reader Letters

THIS is the fourth of a series of translations from the Bialik-Ravnitzky Sefer Ha-Aggada. Previous selections ("Men and Women," "The Creation," and "Adam and Eve and the Serpent") appeared in...

On the Horizon: “The Indelible Seal”

Hermann Broch

Elisabeth Langgässer's novel Das Unauslöschliche Siegel (“The Indelible Seal”), published last year in Hamburg, belongs among those contemporary works of art that make one wonder whether they are decadent products of a fading age, or harbingers of a new aesthetic mode.

The Study of Man: America's Social Classes

Walter R. Goldschmidt

It is a primary function of any religion to explain and justify society to the population, and in societies where religious belief is wanting, it falls to popular philosophy to discover some rational order in social relationships and institutions.

Dr. Fackenheim Replies

Reader Letters

Roosevelt and Smith

Reader Letters

From Backstage

Reader Letters

The Liberal Imagination, by Lionel Trilling

Reviewed by Stephen Spender

 September, 1950

Turning Point in Jewish Philanthropy?
New Perspectives in Community Giving

Hal Lehrman

At the dedication of a synagogue not long ago in a certain American city, a community leader prominent in overseas philanthropy arose and smote the congregation hip and thigh.

The Beginning

Jacob Glatstein

A Poem.

Einstein: The Passion of Pure Reason:
The Cosmic Religion of the Mathematician

Irving Kristol

In Philipp Frank's biography, Einstein: His Life and Times, we read the following anecdote.

What Do the Germans Propose to Do?
An Address to the German People

Elliot E. Cohen

Meine Damen und Herren: I must tell you that the words I am about to say are painful words—painful for me to utter, painful for you to have to hear.

Making “Point 4” Work:
Some Unsolved Problems in Aiding Backward Areas

J. K. Galbraith

Few actions by an American Chief Executive ever produced a more whole-souled response than President Truman's call in January 1949 for a “Bold New Program” to help the undeveloped areas of the world.

The New Farmers of Lakewood:
A Jewish Community on the American Soil

Morris Freedman

About sixty miles from New York City, in the flat, unspectacular pinelands of central New Jersey, there exists what would seem to many a double paradox/

Berlin Congress for Freedom:
A New Resistance in the Making

Francois Bondy

In the last week of June the Congress for Cultural Freedom convened among the ruins of what had been the capital of the Third Reich.

The Prison:
A Story

Bernard Malamud

A Story.

The Costs of Arab-Jewish Cold War:
Ihud's Experiment in Moral Politics

Ernst Simon

The question of Jewish-Arab relations has seldom been in the foreground of official Zionist thought.

From the American Scene: Miss O'Keefe's Children

Shlomo Katz

I had almost forgotten Miss O'Keefe.

Cedars of Lebanon: Noah and the Flood

Reader Letters

And he called his name Noah, saying: This same shall comfort us in our work and in the toil of our hands (Gen. 5:29).

On the Horizon: The Psychoanalysts and the Writer

Harold Rosenberg

Spouting liquid fire at anyone who may dare disagree with them, two psychoanalytic doctors have gone over the top with books just published into an area of the human spirit which their master had declared a scientific No Man's Land.

The Study of Man: New Trends in Biblical Criticism

H. L. Ginsberg

It can reasonably be said that there have been only two periods of true, scientific Bible research.

Who Shall Be Saved

Reader Letters

One Problem at a Time

Reader Letters

Kibbutz Life

Reader Letters

The Authentic Negro

Reader Letters

Israel's Spartan Youth

Reader Letters

Paths in Utopia, by Martin Buber

Reviewed by Will Herberg

 October, 1950

Big City Machines and Liberal Voters:
Need We Throw the Bosses Out?

Irwin Ross

Three years ago, during the initial agitation over the Taft-Hartley Act, New York City's Mayor William O'Dwyer proclaimed an official, city-wide day of protest against the measure.

The Lessons of the Peekskill Riots:
What Happened and Why

James Rorty and Winifred Raushenbush

In August, a year ago, the papers headlined a story that tightened the nerves of Jewish readers from coast to coast.

How to Checkmate Stalin in Asia:
An American Policy Geared to Chinese Realities

Karl A. Wittfogel

The great debate on American foreign policy in Asia still continues, even while the Korean war is being fought.

The Aftermath of Nazi Rule:
Report from Germany

Hannah Arendt

In less than six years Germany laid waste the moral structure of Western society, committing crimes that nobody would have believed possible, while her conquerors buried in rubble the visible marks of more than a thousand years of German history.

The Battle That Saved Tel Aviv:
Turning Point in Israel's War of Independence

Urie Avnery

“Hallo—Hager—Boaz—Shamir—one-five: Hallo—Hager—Boaz—Shamir—one-five . . .” a monotonous voice kept droning through the wireless.

Zangwill's Ghetto Is No More:
The Passing of Whitechapel

Barnet Litvinoff

If you were to take a walk down East London's Whitechapel Road today, starting by Woolworth's at the corner of Commercial Road and gazing at your reflection in the big furniture shops and the little haberdashers and the dingy restaurants and sour-smelling pubs, you might well ask yourself, “Is this the Whitechapel of story and legend?”

The First Three Stars
A Story

David Schreiber

A Story.

From the American Scene: “There's No City Like San Francisco”

Earl Raab

“There is no city like San Francisco,” the Jews of the Golden Gate say with some conviction.

Cedars of Lebanon: Sholom Aleichem in Sickness

Reader Letters

I had formed a close friendship with Sholom Aleichem during his two visits to England in the summer of 1906.

On the Horizon: William Faulkner: An American Dickens

Leslie A. Fiedler

No one can write about William Faulkner without committing himself to the weary task of trying to disengage the author and his work from the misconceptions that surround them.

The Study of Man: Two Social Scientists View “No Way Out”

Martha Wolfenstein and Nathan Leites

No Way Out, the latest film on race prejudice, revolves around the difficulties of a young Negro interne in a county hospital of a large Northern city.

Up from Motol

Reader Letters

Mr. Freedman Replies

Reader Letters

Yidn Davenen, by Shlomo Bickel

Reviewed by Arthur Hertzberg

Star of Glass, by Ann Birstein

Reviewed by Midge Decter

 November, 1950

Has Europe the Will to Fight?:
Since Korea, the Moral Climate Has Changed

Herbert Luthy

THE Communist aggression in Korea has acted as a catalytic agent in Western Europe. Almost overnight one sensed a new climate of moral unitythe indispensable prerequisite for any effective...

Christmas-Chanukah:
December Is the Cruelest Month

Grace Goldin

MY FRIEND Reuben Saberski used to say, "There are certain things Jews mustn't do, just because they're Jews. Let them break religious lawslet them not observe. I suppose it's their...

Self-Hatred and Jewish Chauvinism:
Some Reflections on “Positive Jewishness”

Clement Greenberg

ONE looks into oneself and discovers there what is also in others. A realization of the Jewish self-hatred in myself, of its subtlety and the devious ways in which it conceals itself, from me...

Freedom for Radio and TV?
The Risks Involved

Joseph Wood Krutch

THE most important inventions for the zoth century may well turn out to be, not the automobile and the atom bomb, but the moving picture and the radio. Few would deny that the printing press...

The Vatican and the Jewish Question:
The Record of the Hitler Period—and After

L. Poliakov

IT IS an indisputable fact that during the difficult years of the Nazi occupation, the Catholic faith in Europe gained new vigor. Today, after vying with Communism during the years of...

Malcah and Sedgewick
A Story

Mark Raven

OUR world narrows around us as we grow older, and so it should not have seemed so startling to receive on one day the news of Malcah's violent death in Palestine and a letter from my old...

E. A. Poe

Howard O. Sackler

THRERE were sad, yet certain, rustlings Of the frosted Boston curtain When Poe, Having re-emptied Pandora's box, Was ushered out forever And buried in it. For years, however, A "hideous...

Gertrud Kolmar: The Woman and the Beasts:
“I Am Going the Way 1 Have Chosen to Go. . . .”

Jacob Picard

ON OCTOBER 26, 1941, a Jewish woman in Berlin wrote a letter to a relative who had reached a haven of safety outside Germany. At that time the deportation of German Jews to the extermination...

Hebrew As She Is Spoke:
Ivrit, Sabrit, Sleng, and Pinglish

Ruth Gruber

IT IS no small thing to take the tongue of Solomon's love songs and Moses' laws and make it the language of a new state, of bus drivers and farmers and statesmen, to make it so alive that it...

From the American Scene: Boarders

Louis Zara

THEY could afford to pay for three rooms. However, flats were hard to find, so they took the six-room flat and closed off the big living room, the dining room, and the front bedroom, and lived...

Cedars of Lebanon: Youth of a Bundist

Vladimir Medem

VLADIMM MEDEM, born of assimilated Russian Jewish parents in Minsk in 879 and baptized at birth in the Greek Orthodox Church, devoted his life wholly to the cause of the Jewish labor movement...

On the Horizon: Shalom, Habibi!

J. L. Teller

THE owner of the Skazka, a Russian night club on West 4 6th Street in New York, recently gave his patrons food for thought, with no extra charge. He effaced the ferocious-visaged...

The Study of Man: Does Psychoanalysis Cure?

Lillian Blumberg

IN 1892 a woman, since known as Elisabeth v. R., was treated for hysterical lameness by a young Viennese physician. Maladies of this type, which were more common in the past century than now,...

Happy Are They

Avraham ben Yitzhak

HAPPY are they that sow and shall not reap, For they shall journey far. Happy are they that are liberal, whose young splendor Compounds the light of days and their diffusionWho disburden...

In Reply

Reader Letters

Communism in Asia

Reader Letters

A Correction

Reader Letters

Classics and Commercials, and The Little Blue Light, by Edmund Wilson

Reviewed by Irving Kristol

"HE HAS a genuine classical taste, he is not often influenced by fads, and he reads, and writes about what he reads, because he honestly enjoys doing so. Literature is for him not a pretext for...

The Choice, by Boris Shub

Reviewed by Hal Lehrman

EVIDENCE has been publicly accumulating for some time that a large part of the Russian people were ready and eager to trade Joseph Stalin in for any non-Soviet regime at the beginning of their...

The Testament of the Lost Son, by Soma Morgenstern

Reviewed by Judah Goldin

IT is not hard to understand why there is a growing preoccupation with the theme of East European Jewry, why these days there is so much eagerness to recover something of the character and...

Francis Bacon, by Benjamin Farrington

Reviewed by Roger Jospe

THIS book emphasizes that Francis Bacon was more than "the Father of Inductive Philosophy." He was not a philosopher immersed solely in scholarly concerns, but a man sensitive to the...

Eliakum Zunser, Poet of His People, by Sol Liptzin

Reviewed by Moshe Decter

THE poet Eliakum Zunser lived through some of the most exciting decades of modern Jewish history. Born in Vilna in 945, died in New York in 1913, he grew up during one of the early phases of the...

 December, 1950

No German Rearming Without Atlantic Union:
Europe Alone Cannot Assimilate German Power

Richard H. S.

ONE COMMON characteristic of the British and American approach to politics is the illusion that no problem is really insoluble. If only people will be reasonable, we fondly believe, if only all...

A Billion Dollars for Israel:
The Four-Point Plan's Impact on American Jewry

Hal Lehrman

BY ROUGH but fairly sound computation, the total of all the funds raised during the past three years for Jewish development in Israel from all sources in the United States-philanthropy,...

Scarsdale's Battle of the Books:
How One Community Dealt with “Subversive Literature

Robert Shaplen

THE community of Scarsdale, which lies approximately forty minutes north of New York City in fashionestchester County, likes to refer to itself, somewhat coyly, as "just a dormitory to...

Rosenzweig's “Judaism of Personal Existence”:
A Third Way Between Orthodoxy and Modernism

Will Herberg

THERE is hardly an aspect of Jewish life and thought that Franz Rosenzweig did not touch with his creativity. But there is one achievement of his that seems t me to be of imperishable...

The Honekker Song
A Story

Hamlen Hunt

IN Cambridge, Massachusetts, an industrial city of some size (products: soap, books, clean laundry, some machinery), Harvard University is also situated. Housing for undergraduates is...

At Merton College, Oxford

Linda Weinberg

By Merton's darkening walls I sat, Brushed by the fall of summer's rain, Feeling the eternal Jew, Homunculus, starting in my veins. Now in the garden of the mind Blooms the dark vintage of my...

The Various Jews of Israel:
Six Sketches

A. A. Davidson

The Lads from Casablanca TWELVE noon to 3 PM in Israel ... the government offices which opened at nine, and which will close at five (with a half hour from ten to ten-thirty and another one...

The Two Worlds of Delmore Schwartz:
Lucifer in Brooklyn

Heinz Politzer

AN ALMOST constant division runs through the works of Delmore A I~Schwartz. There is the world of his own experience, as constituted by his biography, memories, and immediate feelings. This...

The Unrespectable Proselyte:
The Fortunes of Beckey Wells

Cecil Roth

THE curious story of "Beckey" (born Mary) Wells starts in humdrum enough fashion. In the x8th century, the English stage was not yet recruited from the nobility, and Mary Davies was...

From the American Scene: “Hebrew-Christian” Evangelist: Southern Style

Harry L. Golden

REVIVAL FIRES ARE BURNING, AND THE LORD IS POURING OUT HIS BLESSINGS ON THOSE WHO ARE READY TO RECEIVE THEM, EVEN HIS MATCHLBSS GRACE. IN THE MEETINGS WHICH ARE NOW BEING HELD IN CHARLOTTE, THE...

Cedars of Lebanon: Marriages Are Made in Heaven

Israel Abrahams

ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, one of the most distinguished of modem scholars of Judaism in the English-speaking countries, was born in London in 1858, the son of a rabbi who had come to England from...

On the Horizon: Ernest Bloch's “Sacred Service”

Kurt List

NOW that Ernest Bloch has passed his seventieth birthday, many musicians look back on his career with a sense of unfulfilled promise, expressed most clearly, and with a touch of cruelty,...

The Study of Man: American Realities and Sociological Methods:
The New American

Joseph Wood Krutch

THERE are some of us who tend to bristle irritably when a sociologist uns to discuss character or personginative literature, we say, has ever dealt revealingly with such subjects whose very...

The Study of Man: American Realities and Sociological Methods:
New York's Puerto Ricans

Nathan Glick

BETWEEN them, the social scientists and the business market "researchers" have bred a cultural behemoth: the interminable questionnaire. Merely to read the hundred-odd, several-barreled...

Peekskill

Reader Letters

The Gentleman and the Jew, by Maurice Samuel

Reviewed by David Daiches

MR. SAMUEL has written a fascinating and provocative book. In the framework of an autobiographical discussion of his own intellectual development, he discusses Jewish history and ideals, the...

Parade's End, by Ford Madox Ford

Reviewed by Monroe Engel

THE publication of Ford Madox Ford's tetralogy in one volume is a long overdue act of justice. Read together in this way-as one novel really and even at that a somehow incomplete onethese four...

Mink on Weekdays, by Felicia Lamport

Reviewed by Isa Kapp

"THE very rich are different from us," said F. Scott Fitzgerald, and was right at least in the sense that wealth creates Lebensraum for particular qualities of character. Benevolence,...

The Transcendentalists, by Perry Miller

Reviewed by Marvin Meyers

IS THERE a dominant style of "Man Thinking" in America which organizes thought and character, art and popular taste, prophecy and history into a meaningful union? To its interpreters,...

Nine Books on Israel

Reviewed by Milton Himmelfarb

THE exact statistical data may not be available, but there is little reason to doubt that, per capita, more books continue to be written about the Jews than about any other comparable group. All...

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