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1952
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 January, 1952

Why the Kremlin Extorts Confessions:
The Most Jealous God, the Cruelest Inquisition

Melvin J. Lasky

IN THE light of all that was to happen during the great purge of 936-I938, it is interesting to note that Stalin himself had earlier said: "A policy of chopping off heads is fraught with great...

Jewish Work-Camp in Indianapolis:
The Younger Generation Rolls Up Its Sleeves

Irwin Stark

On a weekday afternoon last August, the rabbi of the Orthodox Central Hebrew Congregation of Indianapolis stood surveying a group of young white men and women of college age who were at work building a modest five-room house in an Indianapolis slum.

Bread and Democracy in Greece:
A Case Study in Marshall Plan Politics

Maurice Goldbloom

The vegetable man was of course somewhat amused by my stumbling pidgin Greek, but he was also pleased—particularly because he could speak no English.

Disraeli: The Chosen of History:
Uniting the Old Jerusalem and the New

Philip Rieff

George Saintsbury thought not only that Disraeli “founded a remarkable school of fiction,” but that his politics were as romantic as his fiction.

A Warsaw Fighter in Israel:
A Visit with Antek

Zelda Popkin

Since 1914, when I first went to work on a daily newspaper, I have done innumerable interviews.

The Illusion

David Ignatow

A Poem.

The Day the FBI Came to Our House:
America's Security Police in Action

Harry Gersh

It was about two-thirty in the afternoon of a warm Saturday a couple of months ago when the FBI came to our house.

Death of a Genius:
The Last Days of Thomas Wolfe

Hans Meyerhoff

This happened in Washington, D.C., on September 15, 1948, when I was looking for a room.

Next of Kin:
A Story

Edgar Rosenberg

A Story.

From the American Scene: Jewish Editor: Frontier Style

Ben Lappin

On Wednesday afternoons, when the stores in the small towns of Ontario are closed down and the businessmen come into Toronto on their buying trips, one is likely to find several out-of-town shopkeepers milling about the office of Mr. Joshua Simon, editor and publisher of the Canader Shtimme, or The Voice, as the name reads on the English page.

The Sabbath Bride

Saul Touster

A Poem.

Cedars of Lebanon: All Things Are Possible

Lev Shestov

The partition: A naturalist once arranged the following experiment: a glass receptacle was filled with water and divided into two compartments by a glass partition.

On the Horizon: Exodus: Adaptation by Sholem Asch

Leslie A. Fiedler

On the face of it, the Moses of Sholem Asch seems to fit easily into the category of that hybrid which is the current historical-religious novel.

The Study of Man: New Light on the Races of Man

Don J. Hager

Until a few years ago, a book on race was more likely to deal with politics than biology.

Beyond Containment To...?

Reader Letters

The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger

Reviewed by William Poster

 February, 1952

What to do about “Dangerous” Textbooks:
The Pitfalls of Pressure Tactics

Edward N. Saveth

One evening last June, a Mrs. Julius Y. Talmadge, at a meeting of the Georgia State Board of Education, denounced Frank Magruder's American Government as unfit for use as a social studies textbook, because it “advocates strengthening the United Nations Charter.

The Germans Stumble Along the Road Back: In the Backwash of the Great Crime

Norbert Muhlen

In the Franconian town of Aschaffenburg an empty lot has been transformed into a little park.

The Germans Stumble Along the Road Back: Behind Reawakened German Nationalism

Herbert Luthy

In the first months after the collapse of the Third Reich, Allied and neutral journalists often reported a sentiment voiced by the Germans or written on the walls of ruined cities: “It is a disgrace to be German!”

When Americans Emigrate to Israel:
A Report on Some Latter-Day Pioneers

Hal Lehrman

From Morocco eastward to India, from Turkish Anatolia southward to Yemen and Aden on the farthest tip of the Arabian peninsula, well over 300,000 so-called “Oriental” Jews have migrated to Israel.

Metathalamium

Howard O. Sackler

A Poem.

Just How Bad Is Congress?
A Balance Sheet as of 1952

Robert Bendiner

When President Truman went through the country four years ago denouncing the “do-nothing, good-for-nothing 80th Congress,” he was hardly setting a fresh pattern for a country in which Congress-baiting is a venerated pastime, going back to the dawn of the Republic and open to everyone from the Chief Executive down.

The Passing of the Batlan:
A Grasshopper Among the Ants of Learning

Theodor Gaster

If the batlan is passing from our midst, as many allege, so much the worse for us all.

Lincoln Steffens: He Covered the Future:
The Prototype of a Fellow-Traveler

Granville Hicks

In the spring of 1931, just as it was becoming apparent to all but a few diehards that prosperity was not around the corner, there appeared The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens, possibly the most influential book of the 1930's.

Conquistador
A Story

Prudencio de Pereda

A Story.

From the American Scene: Heritage

Shlomo Katz

The small narrow room overhanging the stairway used to be a bedroom.

Cedars of Lebanon: Toward a New Jewish Learning

Franz Rosenzweig

Today, the Freies Jüdisches Lehrhaus opens its doors to carry on the series of Jewish adult education courses which were held here during the past winter and summer.

On the Horizon: When Do You Call It Treason?

Nathan Glick

Before the French Revolution, wars were usually conducted by professional armies whose interests were those of any working group: high wages, low hours, and job security.

The Study of Man: Why Jews Stay Sober

Nathan Glazer

In one respect, at least, the American Jews are not very different from the Israeli Jews who contemptuously dismiss them as assimilated goyim.

“Cairo to Damascus”

Reader Letters

The Study of Man

Reader Letters

When the FBI Comes

Reader Letters

Judaism at Work

Reader Letters

Johannisburg!

Reader Letters

A Partisan History of Judaism, by Elmer Berger

Reviewed by Milton Himmelfarb

The Conformist, by Alberto Moravia

Reviewed by Paolo Milano

Fulfillment, by Rufus Learsi

Reviewed by Robert Weltsch

The Conduct of Life, by Lewis Mumford

Reviewed by C. Hartley Grattan

 March, 1952

Who Is Guilty of the Katyn Massacre?
The Truth at the Bottom of the Pit

G. F. Hudson

THE massacre of Katyn is quite unique among the famous atrocities mew was committed by the French Catholics, of history in that there is doubt by or that the massacre of Chios was the work whom...

The Driving Force Behind Soviet Imperialism:
Is it a New Menace or the Old Bear Reawakened?

Peter Meyer

ON JUNE 28, 1951, Secretary of State Dean Acheson, testifying before the House Foreign Affairs Committee, brought to the attention of the American public a question discussed up to then by...

George Orwell and the Politics of Truth:
Portrait of the Intellectual as a Man of Virtue

Lionel Trilling

GEORGE ORWELL'S Homage to Catalonia is one of the important documents of our time. It is a very modest book-it seems to say the least that can be said on a subject of great magnitude. But in...

“Civil Liberties,” 1952—A Study in Confusion:
Do We Defend Our Rights by Protecting Communists?

Irving Kristol

Heard ye not lately of a man That went beside his witt, And naked through the citty rann Wrapt in a frantique fitt? THE above tantalizing bit of 7 thcentury verse was quoted recently...

The Man Who Invented the Commandos:
Wingate of Palestine

Edwin Samuel

I READ with deep interest Tosca Fyvel's memoir of Orde Wingate in COMMENTARY [February 95I ] , in which he mentions Wingate's role in devising what later became famous as "commando...

The Religious Stirring on the Campus:
A Student Generation “Accessible to Good

Will Herberg

ON NOVEMBER 8, 1951, the Cornell Daily Sun, the student paper, ran a long editorial noting the inadequacy of instruction in religion at Cornell and demanding of the administration...

Israel's Press Mirrors the New State:
What the Papers Say and Who Reads Them

Ernest Stock

IN ISRAEL today, as in no other country, the old dictum might well be changed to read, "Show me your press, and I will tell you what you are." First of all, in the churning melting pot that is...

The Golden Years:
A Story

Sylvia Rothchild

IF ANYONE had told Simon Halpern a year ago that he would soon spend every day sitting on a park bench instead of in front of a sewing machine, he would surely have laughed. "What will I do...

The Figure

David Ignatow

HE WAS harmless, but this torn-at-the-knee-and-elbow character, bearded, rough hat pulled down over the eyes, his soiled clothes bag slung upon his back-he was itinerary; standing still for one...

From the American Scene: The Code According to Mama-Tante-Mom

Harry Gersh

WHEN my Uncle Itzig was cornered in an argument he had one final answer: Who knows what's right? But actually he did. If he didn't, Tante, his wife, let him know immediately. According to the...

Cedars of Lebanon: The Hallowing of the Name

Hugo Bergmann

IN HEBREW the term for martyrdom is kiddush ha-Shem, which means literally "sanctification of the Name," as mystical experience is referred to as "the unification of the Name." On the surface,...

On the Horizon: The Movie Camera and the American

Robert S. Warshow

I am not one of those who responded strongly to Death of a Salesman when it was presented on the stage.

The Study of Man: Will Births Outstrip Mankind's Resources?

Morton Clurman

Almost forty years ago an agricultural economist, George F. Warren, wrote: “The questions whether our soil is exhausted and how we are to be fed in the future, are constantly being discussed in newspapers and magazines.”

On Jewish Humor

Reader Letters

Mr. Daiches Replies

Reader Letters

America in Israel

Reader Letters

The Abstemious Jew

Reader Letters

Judaism and Modern Man, by Will Herberg

Reviewed by Nahum N. Glatzer

David and Bathsheba, by Ari Ibn-Zahav

Reviewed by Robert Langbaum

 April, 1952

Racist Dress Rehearsal for November:
The South's “Conservative Revolution” Tastes Victory

Samuel Lubell

If a drama reporter were to make a political tour of the South today, he might sum up his findings in these terms: “The cast is set, the actors are memorizing their parts, and only the last act has to be written.”

What “The Song Of Songs” Means:
“The Time of Singing is Come. . . .”

Theodor Gaster

It is a traditional Jewish custom to read the Song of Songs on the Sabbath of the Passover festival, and every year, when the custom is dutifully observed, a number of attendant questions rise like ghosts from unquiet graves.

The Responsibility for the China Decisions:
The Shifting Line of American Group Mentality

Herrymon Maurer

Mice, as every enlightened American knows, are regularly pregnant with mountains.

Can Old-Time Diplomacy Check Soviet Power?
Mr. Kennan and the Politics of Containment

Sidney Hertzberg

It is probably intellectual snobbery to suggest that the trouble with American foreign policy has been that the men who make it do not read books, especially books written by foreigners.

The Golden Age of Tomashefsky:
At the Tables Down at Schreiber's

S. L. Blumenson

In the late 1890's and the early years of this century the meeting place of the Yiddish theatrical world was Schreiber's Saloon.

Where Journalism Must Draw the Line:
A European Reacts to Collier's “The War We Do Not Want”

Andre Prudhommeaux

Homer expressed the rather revolting notion that the wars and ills of mankind are the raw material of poetry and, consequently, of that poetic pleasure which is the supreme delight of the gods.

When Secularism Came to Russian Jewry:
Even in the Old Country the Process Had Gone Far

Herbert Parzen

A legend has been created by the spiritual leaders of what is the largest section of American Jewry—made up of those who came here in the second great wave of immigration, or their descendants.

The Gay Dog
A Story

Hans W. Rosenhaupt

A Story.

From the American Scene: Travels of Benjamin the Fund-Raiser

Judd L. Teller

We, in the line of that great traveler of yesteryear, Benjamin of Tudela, blessed be his memory, live in a land rediscovered by Jews several centuries after its first discovery by the intrepid Columbus.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Song of Songs

Reader Letters

This English version of the Song of Songs is from the Jewish Publication Society's edition of The Holy Scriptures (1917).

On the Horizon: The Meteoric Velikovsky

Gerard H. Wilk

“And he [Joshua] said in the sight of Israel: ‘Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Aijalon’” (Josh. 10:12).

The Knife in the Ground

Ralph Gordon

A Poem.

The Study of Man: The New Historians of Israel

H. Schmidt

In the Israel of today, a burned-out armored car, a Crusaders' castle, a Bronze Age fortification, a cave of Paleolithic man—all these may be found along the same mountain trail.

Two Corrections

Reader Letters

Bella, Bella Kissed a Fella, by Arthur Kober

Reviewed by Isaac Rosenfeld

The Magic People, by Arland Ussher

Reviewed by Mark Raven

Chosen Country, by John Dos Passos

Reviewed by Nathan Glick

 May, 1952

Why Asians Hate the West:
The Third Phase in the Orient

G. F. Hudson

Human actions in history often seem to resemble the behavior of a child who starts to operate some complicated, high-powered machine without any idea of what he is doing.

The Diary of Anne Frank:
The Secret Heart Within the Secret Annex

Anne Frank

July 8—It seems as if years have passed since Sunday [July 5]. At three o'clock someone rang the front doorbell. I was lying in the sun-shine on the verandah lazily reading a book, so I didn't hear it.

Power in America

Harvey Shapiro

A Poem.

A Day in the Life of a Senator:
The Congressional Office: 1952

Stephen Kemp Bailey and Howard D. Samuel

It was a morning in mid-August 1951, and Washington had been enjoying surprisingly cool weather.

The First Fruits and the Giving of the Law:
The Meaning of Shavuoth

Theodor Gaster

Judaism has always insisted that its God is a God of history as well as of nature.

Britain's Jewish Intellectuals Look Ahead:
Israel Grants a New Lease on Life

Barnet Litvinoff

Together with the cruel recognition of Britain's lost political and economic ascendancy, there has been in the past year or so a growing compensating awareness of what the nation still possesses and still might produce.

The Near East's Communist-Fascist Front:
An Ominous Alliance Against Israel and the West

Mark Alexander

Not altogether unexpectedly, recent events in Persia, Egypt, Syria, and elsewhere have advertised the Middle East as one of the major troubled areas of the world.

My Mrs. Schnitzer
A Story

Sylvia Rothchild

A Story.

Early Evening, Deep South

LeGarde S. Doughty

A Poem.

The Hebrew University in Exile:
A Visit to Mount Scopus

Norman Bentwich

The convoy goes up once a fortnight from the College of Terra Sancta, one of the temporary habitations of the displaced Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the Jewish area, to the Hadassah Hospital and the Hill of Scopus.

From the American Scene: Orthodox Sweets for Heterodox New York

Morris Freedman

“In America, candy was too serious,” Stephen Klein told me.

Cedars of Lebanon: Two Newly Discovered Psalms

Reader Letters

In the summer of 1947, a Bedouin in search of his lost goat stumbled into a cave near the Dead Sea and came up with what may prove to be one of the great archeological discoveries of the century, in the shape of eleven Hebrew scrolls of the pre-Christian era.

On the Horizon: Leo McCarey's Authoritarian Film

Nathan Glick

Postwar anti-Communist films like The Iron Curtain, The Red Danube, and I Was a Communist for the FBI proved to be opportunistic celluloid pamphlets.

The Study of Man: What Americans Get Out of College

Nathan Glazer

The uniqueness of America is nowhere more apparent than in the fact that the college-educated group, which in most countries of the Western world is the elite, is here a mass.

Mr. Kristol Comments

Reader Letters

The Groves of Academe, by Mary McCarthy

Reviewed by Leslie A. Fiedler

Unambo, by Max Brod

Reviewed by Herbert Howarth

The first fifty pages of Unambo almost defeat the good will which is inspired by the name of Max Brod.

Five Novels

Reviewed by Heinz Politzer

 June, 1952

The Prospects for Peace with the Soviets: Can We Negotiate a Settlement Now?

Raymond Aron

The less freedom of choice we have in a situation, the more tempted we are to indulge in exercises of intellectual evasion.

The Kremlin's Terms to the West:
Politburo Foreign Policy from the Inside

Boris Meissner

Let there be no doubt about it: in the Soviet Union, final decisions rest with the Vojd (Russian for Führer) alone.

The Diary of Anne Frank-II:
First Love—and Finis

Anne Frank

Editorial Note: Here we conclude the diary of Anne Frank, which we began in our last month's issue.

Orthodox Judaism Moves with the Times:
The Creativity of Tradition

Emanuel Rackman

Can there ever be anything new in Orthodoxy? Does not Orthodoxy believe that what was, should always be?

Lebanon: Israel's Friendliest Neighbor:
A Middle East Microcosm-with a Difference

Ray Alan

There was the suddent pregnant hush that falls over most Arab gatherings when Israel is mentioned.

Movies Aren't Movies Any More:
The Art of Gimp Takes Over

Manny Farber

Somebody once told me, no doubt inaccurately, that lady golfers in the Victorian era used a certain gimmick that went by the name of “Gimp.”

In Israel's Green Pastures:
Four Tales by a Reflective Shepherd

A. A. Davidson

Maury Nissim was a small, trim, dark-blond fellow whom I knew slightly in France before I went to Israel.

British Socialism's Crisis of Faith:
The Bankruptcy That Comes of Success

Irwin Ross

The British Labor party, it is fair to say, suffers from the exhaustion that often comes with success.

From the American Scene: Seven Men in Search of a Rabbi

S. T. Hecht

As Chairman of the Rabbinical Committee, an honor no one else had wanted, I rose to report on my reconnoiterings in New Jersey for a rabbi (we were without one).

Cedars of Lebanon: Learning Among the Hebrews

Simone ben Isaac

Whatsoever People and nation dedicated its memory to sempiternity, aspired thereto by Arms or Learning.

Love Story

Dannie Abse

A Poem.

On the Horizon: A Code of Honor for a Mutinous Era

Spencer Brown

An examination of Herman Wouk's Pulitzer Prize novel, The Caine Mutiny.

The Study of Man: The “Old Country” Way of Life

Moshe Decter

Apparently, nothing less than its recent bloody extinction could bring the existence of the shtetl—“the Jewish little town of Eastern Europe”—to the attention of American social scientists.

The FBI and Mr. Gersh

Reader Letters

A Subscriber in the Negev

Reader Letters

Seeing What We Look For

Reader Letters

Spengler and the Nazis

Reader Letters

From a Non-Skip Reader

Reader Letters

Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison

Reviewed by Saul Bellow

Nones, by W. H. Auden

Reviewed by Harold Norse

The Juggler, by Michael Blankfort

Reviewed by George Becker

 July, 1952

The Immigration Fight Has Only Begun:
Lessons of the McCarran-Walter Setback

Oscar Handlin

The passage of the McCarran-Walter Bill has frustrated five years of effort to reform our immigration laws.

Liberal Judaism as a Living Faith:
It Saved the Religious Possibility for Our Generation

Robert Langbaum

Readers of COMMENTARY will remember the article last year in which David Daiches, son of a Scottish Orthodox rabbi and, at the time, professor of literature at Cornell, assailed American Judaism for having “quietly abolished” from its practice everything distinctively Jewish.

Behind The “Anti-Americanism” of Mr. Bevan:
How Far Will It Take Him—and British Labor?

George Lichtheim

The leaders of the British Labor party have reason to feel thankful these days that the preferential primary is no part of Britain's political usage.

The Old Days in Dublin:
Some Girlhood Recollections of the 90's

Jessie S. Bloom

Our home was in Windsor Terrace on the banks of the Grand Canal, opposite Portobello Barracks

Our Freedom-and the Rights of Communists:
A Reply to Irving Kristol

Alan F. Westin

Once, so a Spanish legend tells us, there grew in the forest a vine so strong that no animal could break it.

“Anti-Semitism” and the Rosenberg Case:
The Latest Communist Propaganda Trap

Lucy S. Dawidowicz

There is something about Communist demonology that gives it a special power over large areas of the modern mind, and which insures that a vigorously conducted Communist propaganda campaign, no matter how flagrantly at variance with plain facts, will get some sort of hearing.

Death of a Grandmother

Harvey Shapiro

A Poem.

The Vanishing Jew of Our Popular Culture:
The Little Man Who Is No Longer There

Henry Popkin

In Auden and Isherwood's play The Dog Beneath the Skin, a modern knight-errant bound upon a sacred quest encounters a sinister financier named Grabstein.

The Loan
A Story

Bernard Malamud

A Story.

From the American Scene: I Got Two, Who Got Three?

Nathan Halper and Benjamin Mandelker

One paid two cents. The other had to pay three. The whole thing became a contest.

Cedars of Lebanon: From “The Mantle of Elijah”

Elijah Basyatchi

It was estimated that in 1942 about one hundred Karaite families were living in the United States—a remnant of a once flourishing Jewish “heresy.”

On the Horizon: Selling Paris on Western Culture

Herbert Luethy

This May, Paris was the scene of an international festival held under the auspices of the Congress for Cultural Freedom.

They Were, We Are

Jacob Sloan

A Poem.

The Study of Man: Explaining the Revolution of Our Time

Richard H. S.

Why have the social sciences progressed so little during the last hundred years?

Liberty and the Liberal

Reader Letters

Mr. Kristol Replies

Reader Letters

The Future of American Politics, by Samuel Lubell

Reviewed by Nathan Glazer

Samuel Lubell's The Future of American Politics is, in this reviewer's opinion, the best book yet written on American politics of the last twenty years.

The Need for Roots, by Simone Weil

Reviewed by Lionel Abel

Blood, Oil and Sand, by Ray Brock

Reviewed by Morroe Berger

Spark of Life, by Erich Maria Remarque

Reviewed by Heinz Politzer

 August, 1952

Storm Clouds Over the Bolivian Refuge:
South America's New Pattern of Anti-Semitism

Sherry Mangan

The Jewish communities of Bolivia, founded in flight from Hitlerian anti-Semitism, are less than twenty years old, yet the chill wind of fear of a new anti-Semitism has already passed over them.

Is Progressive Education a Failure?
Some of the Current Criticisms Examined

J. Glenn Gray

Modern educators can hardly be blamed for feeling that they must close ranks.

The Dancer

David Ignatow

A Poem.

The Chances of a Mao-Stalin Rift:
Will China's Communists Take the Tito Road?

Franz Borkenau

Much has been said and written during the past year about the possibility of a falling out between Moscow and Peking.

German Students seek “Peace with the Jews”:
Behind the Fight Against Nazi Movie-Makers

Hilde Walter

A second flare-up of what has become known as the “Harlan Case” occurred in Germany this past January, when Veit Harlan's second postwar film, Hanna Amman, had its first showings.

America, Land of the Sad Millionaire:
Abraham Cohan's Legend Succeeds Horatio Alger's

Isaac Rosenfeld

I had long avoided because I imagined it was a badly-written account of immigrants and sweatshops in a genre which was intolerably stale by now.

Israel's Communists and Fellow-Travelers:
Their Role in Strengthening “Neutralism”

Mark Alexander

A stock phrase of official Zionist propaganda until recently was: “There are no Communists in Jewish Palestine.”

Name-Changing-and What It Gets You:
Twenty-Five Who Did It

J. Alvin Kugelmass

Many Jews in the United States like neither their names nor their faces, and many take surgical steps to have them corrected.

Refuge Under the El:
A Story

Harold Norse

A Story.

There Will Be a Reckoning

John King-Farlow

A Poem.

From the American Scene: The Disappearing Small-Town Jew

Lee J. Levinger

About twenty years ago I attended a family reunion of a group of my father's cousins in a little town in the Middle West where I had lived as a child.

Cedars of Lebanon: Reb Moses Montefiore and the Crimean War

S. An-sky

Far, far away, across the sea, in England, lived Reb Moses Montefiore.

On the Horizon: The Dialect Comedian Should Vanish

Sam Levenson

Henry Popkin laments the fact that hypersensitive people in considerable numbers have protested so vehemently against Jewish dialect humor that as a result it has had to go into hiding.

On the Horizon: Culture in Tel Aviv and Environs

Peter Gradenwitz

At the height of the New York season there are about twenty-five plays and musicals on Broadway; in an average week, there will be at least twenty concerts; about fifteen first-run films are being shown; there is opera and ballet.

The Study of Man: What Do We Know About the Soviet Economy?

Nicolas Spulber

“Make statistics class-conscious and party-conscious!”

The Katyn Massacre

Reader Letters

A Soviet Decree

Reader Letters

The New Immigration Law

Reader Letters

On Movies

Reader Letters

The Foot of Pride, by Malcolm Hay

Reviewed by George N. Shuster

Marx Against the Peasant, by David Mitrany

Reviewed by Eduard Heimann

 September, 1952

Shall We Slow Down on FEPC?: Party Maneuvers and Civil Rights Realities

Oscar Handlin

SPEEDING down in taxis from their Loop or near-Loop hotels to the convention Amphitheater, and especially under a prevailing westerly wind, most delegates were aware that they were coming...

Shall We Slow Down on FEPC?: Progress Without Federal Compulsion

Herbert R. Northrup

The result of the fight over civil rights at both conventions was a platform which seems to half-satisfy most of the proponents as well as most of the opponents of a strong FEPC.

The Jewish Purge in the Satellite Countries:
Behind the Communist Turn to Anti-Semitism

Peter Meyer

When Rudolf Slansky, the Secretary General of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia, was removed from his post in September 1951, and arrested on charges of treason ten weeks later, many people wondered if this was the beginning of a general purge of Jews in the satellite countries.

The Free American Citizen, 1952:
Our Democracy, Two Years After Korea

Elliot E. Cohen

The misunderstanding of the United States by Europeans is an old story: indeed it has been the small change of trans-Atlantic conversation for three generations.

My Child: Jew or Christian?
A Mother Struggles with a Dilemma

Eleanor K. Felder

Soon I suppose another child will ask my son that simple question all children ask, “What are you?” I don't know yet what my son will answer.

Some Memories of John Dewey:
1859-1952

Sidney Hook

John Dewey is dead.

After All, I Was Only Seventeen!
A Story

Guenther Anders

A Story.

From the American Scene: Mr. Big Moves to Greener Pastures

S. T. Hecht

When the richest man, the big personality, the primum mobile of the community takes it into his head, unexpectedly it would seem, to move out of town, the repercussions are bound to be wide.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Book of Jonah

Reader Letters

The book of Jonah is read in its entirety during the afternoon service on the day of Yom Kippur, as the Haftorah, the prophetic reading, appended to the reading of the Law.

On the Horizon: An Unknown Treasure of World Literature

Irving Howe

We live in a time when the literature most valued by serious people is likely to be intense, recalcitrant, and extreme.

The Study of Man: Sociology Learns the Language of Mathematics

Abraham Kaplan

A troubling question for those of us committed to the widest application of intelligence in the study and solution of the problems of men is whether a general understanding of the social sciences will be possible much longer.

American Orthodoxy

Reader Letters

The German Students

Reader Letters

On Civil Liberties

Reader Letters

The Eagle and the Roots, by Louis Adamic

Reviewed by R. F. Tannenbaum

 October, 1952

Washington Comes to Israel's Economic Rescue:
Both Emergency Aid and Long-Range Construction

Hal Lehrman

THE balm of sovereignty, and four years of physical co-existence, have worked a natural but nonetheless wonderful change in relations between the government of the United States and...

What the Feast of Booths Celebrates:
The Meaning of Succoth for Moderns

Theodor Gaster

OF THE three seasonal festivals which punctuate the Jewish year, the Feast of Succoth (or Booths) has suffered most from the conditions of modern life and, for all the tenacity of...

How End the Panic in Radio-TV?
The Demagogic Half-Truth vs. the “Liberal” Half Lie

Louis Berg

THE air waves have been jittery since the appearance in 1950 of a paperbound booklet, Red Channels, a "Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television," published by three former...

The Lessons of World War II's Mistakes:
Negotiations and Armed Power Flexibly Combined

Hans J. Morgenthau

SINCE the prophets of the Old Testament read the warnings of God in the catastrophes of history, men have tried to discover what history can teach them. As Oedipus and Perseus once sought...

Evangelist Demagogue, 1952 Model:
Both Sides of the Coin

Nathan Perlmutter

IN THE Milwaukee Auditorium, at the nadir of the depression, in 1936, twenty-two-year-old Kenneth Goff, a rebellious WPA worker from the rural side of the tracks in Delevan, Wisconsin,...

Our Middle-Aged “Young Writers”:
The Avant-Garde at a Dead End

Seymour Krim

OPEN the pages of any of our literary magazines, look at the Contributors' Notes column, and the chances are good that you will find at least three out of the twelve contributors identified...

Visit to the Old Country:
The Lodz That Was

Gerold Frank

ON A sultry day in July of 1937 my wife and I arrived in Lodz, charged with the duty of finding my grandmother's sister Surah. It was now a little before noon; the train for Prague (we...

The Soldier and His Girl
A Story

Sylvia Rothchild

THE ringing woke Estelle at ten o'clock on Sunday morning. She stumbled half asleep to the door but found no one there. The ringing continued and she hurried to the phone that was hidden under...

Bread with Salt

Charles Reznikoff

I Thou shalt eat bread with salt and thou shalt drink water by measure, and on the ground shalt thou sleep and thou shalt live a life of trouble.... The Mishnah, Aboth 6:4. SALMON and red...

From the American Scene: The Importance of Being Milton

Milton Klonsky

IT'S no use trying to blame or to justify the mortal taste, so long ago, that passed over Morton and Mortimer, Marvin and Melvin, and fixed, irrevocably, on Milton as just right, a name which...

Cedars of Lebanon: The Man and His Soul

Reader Letters

ONCE upon a time people-not philosophers of course-used to imagine there was a thing called the soul that enabled one to find meaning in life, and value and direction in the world. The "soul"...

On the Horizon: Beepage: The Language of Popularization

Spencer Brown

A cold St. Agnes eve it was-so cold that the owl with all its feathers shivered, so cold that the old Beadsman's fingers were numb as he told his rosary and said his prayers. Passing by the...

The Study of Man: The Stork Surprises the Demographers

Dennis H. Wrong

THE public opinion pollers are not the only professional group of social scientists who have in recent years been exposed as false prophets. Although their mishaps have been less publicized...

The Small-Town Jew

Reader Letters

“Naase V'nishmo”

Reader Letters

The Next America: Prophecy and Faith, by Lyman Bryson

Reviewed by David Riesman

THIS is an extraordinary book. It takes up the themes of current discourse about America-the growth of large-scale organization, the problem of "mass culture," the supposed slump in...

The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway; and East of Eden, by John Steinbeck

Reviewed by Philip Rahv

HEMINGWAY'S new story happily demonstrates his recovery from the distemper that so plainly marked his last novel, Across the River and into the Trees. The artist in him appears to have...

Persecution and the Art of Writing, by Leo Strauss

Reviewed by Irving Kristol

"BUT this much I can say about all those who have written and will write saying that they know the nature of the subject which is my most serious interest . . . in my opinion it is impossible...

Flight in the Winter, by Jurgen Thorwald; and Dance of Death, by Erich Kern

Reviewed by L. Poliakov

AS IN every other country, there has been in Germany a flood of books dealing with the past war. These two examples tell us'much of the ways in which Germans are seeking to "re- evaluate" their...

Equality by Statute, by Morroe Berger

Reviewed by Charles Abrams

THE author, a frequent contributor to COMMENTARY and an able sociologist, embodies his 399COMMENTARY faith in "law" as a cure for inequality in this book, sponsored by the American Jewish...

 November, 1952

Intelligence Reports on the Two Enemies: Stalin Builds a Trojan Horse Against America

Maurice Goldbloom

ON OCTOBER 15, 1952, Joseph Stalin told the 19th Congress of the Communist party of the Soviet Union that it was now the task of CornIN COMMENTARY'S first issue seven years ago this month,...

Intelligence Reports on the Two Enemies: Launching the New Fascist International

L. Poliakov

MORE than a year ago, in May 1951, Swedish Malmi was the scene of a strange congress attended by several dozen people who came from five or six different Western European countries. This...

A Mystic Philosopher on East Broadway:
The Life and Studies of S. H. Setzer

Herbert Weiner

"FOUR there were who entered pardes-the 'garden' of the esoteric -Ben Azzai, Ben Zoma, Acher, and Akiba. Ben Azzai looked and died. Ben Zoma looked and went mad. Acher became an apostate. Only...

Cross-Tides of North African Revolt:
A First-Hand Report on Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia

Herbert Luethy

THE history of civilization is also one of colonization-in every sense of that ancient word: settlement, clearing, land reclamation, cultivation, the founding of cities. Colonization is the...

The Sectarian Conflict Over Church and State:
A Divisive Threat to our Democracy?

Will Herberg

MORE than once in recent months, Rabbi Philip S. Bernstein has had occasion to note with concern the marked deterioration of Protestant-Catholic relations in this country and to warn Jews...

The Gentle Weight Lifter

David Ignatow

EVERY man to his kind of welcome in the world, some by lifting cement barrels, laboring. He looks so stupid doing it, we say. Why not a soft job, pushing a pencil or racketeering: the numbers...

The Tomb of Jethro
A Story

A. A. Davidson

WELL, anyway, that's what he claims," Pinchas said. "But surely not of all the Druzes," I protested. "After all, most of them live in Syria, and there are many in the Lebanon as well." "I...

The Americanness of American Literature:
A British Demurrer to Van Wyck Brooks

F. R. Leavis

WHATEVER may be Mr. Van Wyck Brooks' distinctive mark in the contemporary American literary world, the five-volume work that comes to a close with The Confident Years seems to me to be in an...

Germany

Sol Stein

I AM a non-believer in surgery's Quick medicine. The sewed-together wound, the stitch In time, the surface scar, is something which You will rarely find this invalid Believing in. My trust's...

The Hidalgos of Bevis Marks:
Glories of England's Sephardim

Mark Raven

ON December 19, 1951, Ilis Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh paid a state visit to the Bevis Marks Synagogue of the Sephardi ("Spanish and Portuguese") Jews of London, to take part in the...

From the American Scene: Recreational Enterprise on the Bowery

Samuel S. Cohen

IN ONE of the "shops" I worked in at the start of the 90's I made a real friend, a boy named Brody, who had actually been born in America. For days I could not get over the wonder of...

Cedars of Lebanon: The Tree That Reaches into Both Worlds

Reader Letters

ONE tradition relates-the time was at the turn of the 14th century in Spain-that, after the death of the Cabalist Moses ben Shemtob of Leon, two wealthy men called on his widow and asked to see the...

On the Horizon: Only So Big?--A Puzzler

Nathan Asch

THE quotations below, listed by authors alphabetically, are the byproduct of indiscriminate reading. I'm a compulsive reader, the way some people drink, or keep the radio turned on all day....

The News

Harold Norse

TAKING home the Sunday papers, late In the dawn under the stone Looming of abandoned business structures, Past the slumbering airport service, the all Night cafeteria where stray Bits of...

The Study of Man: The Third Generation in America

M. L. Hansen

IT WAS the achievement of MARcus LEE HANSEN to have discovered the means of studying significantly the role of immigration in American history. Others had earlier turned their hands to that...

The Radio-TV Blacklist

Reader Letters

The Yiddish Classics

Reader Letters

The Critics and the Opera

Reader Letters

John Dewey and Dr. Barnes

Reader Letters

The Great Jewish Books, edited by Samuel Caplan and Harold U. Ribalow

Reviewed by Emil L. Fackenheim

THE Jew of the age which produced Hitler and the State of Israel has almost necessarily a powerful sense of the unity of Jewish destiny. This, in turn, has led him to search for a...

New Fabian Essays, edited by R. H. S. Crossman

Reviewed by George Lichtheim

BRITISH socialism has long been a stumbling block to European Marxists and American liberals alike. Standing midway between laissezfaire and total planning, critical of capitalism and...

Bread from Heaven, by Henrietta Buckmaster

Reviewed by Granville Hicks

VERY possibly Miss Buckmaster thinks she has written a realistic novel, but Bread from Heaven comes closer to being a fable. It is a fable with certain characteristically modern ingredients, and...

The Man Outside: The Prose Works of Wolfgang Borchert

Reviewed by Alfred Werner

WOLFGANG BORCHERT had little happiness. Born in Hamburg in 1921, he was eight when the depression hit Germany, twelve when the Nazis came to power. Twice he fought as a private with the German...

Farming and Democracy, by A. Whitney Griswold

Reviewed by R. F. Tannenbaum

THE president of Yale, in this reissue of a book first published in 1948, considers from various angles the relation between small-scale agriculture and democratic government, drawing...

 December, 1952

When the Red Army Liberated Pinsk:
How Could We Know There Were Two Hamans?

Julius Margolin

I. September 1939 WAR seemed unlikely to us in the summer of 1939. Thousands of people with no ties to bind them to Poland were in a position to pull up stakes, but thoughtlessly gave way to...

The True Glory of the Maccabean Revolt:
What Liberty was Fought For?

Theodor Gaster

THOSE of us who have been brought up to believe that the Chanukah light is a brave candle shining in a naughty world are naturally apt to inquire in more critical moments, just how bright is...

How Totalitarians Gain Absolute Power:
The Key: Casting out “Enemy Groups” from Society

Paul Kecskemeti

NOW that we are past our first numbed reactions to the horrors of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia, an act of intellect is required. What is the meaning of these horrors? Are they an inevitable...

Freedom or Authority in Group Life?
Voluntary Agreements Work, Our Experience Teaches Us

Oscar Handlin

IN THE heat of national conflict Americans have often found it useful to turn for insight to the lessons of their history. It may equally be valuable for American Jews to do so in the midst...

Realities behind British “Anti-Americanism”:
The Minority Leading the National Pastime

T. R. Fyvel

THE time was October 1952, the scene the densely packed conference hall of the British Labor party at Morecambe, in Lancashire. The speaker was no other than the former Minister of Health...

The Arabs, Israel, and Near East Defense:
Our Government's still Unsettled Policy

Hal Lehrman

HERE in Washington-and in the temples of United Nations brotherhood on New York's East Fortysecond Street-it has become a diplomatic maxim that, like oil and water, the Arabs and Israelis...

Terrors of Yoknapatawpha and Fairfield:
As Reflected in Their Regional Fiction

Steven Marcus

GENERALLY speaking, there are two kinds of stories being written in America today-Southern stories and Connecticut stories. These are more than geographical divisions: each is a distinct school...

Children of Two Houses
A Story

Elaine Gottlieb

WHEN we were quite young, the separation of our mother and father did not strike more deeply at first than the sense of novelty in having two homes, two families. Since we lived with our...

Central Park

Howard Nemerov

THE broad field darkens, but, still moving round So that they seem to hover off the ground, Children are following a shadowy ball; Shrill, as of birds, their high voices sound. The pale December...

From the American Scene: New Deal Wake: Boston, Massachusetts

Hamlen Hunt

THE young couple from Worcester walked down to the end of a corridor in the Boston Hotel Statler. Half a dozen Massachusetts Democrats high in the party sat and listened to the...

Cedars of Lebanon: Man, the Master of All Created Worlds

Hayim ben Isaac

PROBABLY as a result of renewed interest in the work of Martin Buber, the impression has spread that Hasidism is the only modern expression of Jewish mysticism. That this is not so is proved...

On the Horizon: Henry Adams' Skeptic Faith in Democracy

Gertrude Himmelfarb

HENRY ADAMS, who made a philosophy and a career out of his selfpublicized failure, was descended from the most illustrious family of "failures" America has ever produced. His...

The Study of Man: The Prospects of American Capitalism

Daniel Bell

IT IS a striking cultural phenomenon, especially for anyone with a sharp memory of the 30's, that American capitalism has obtained grudging regard and a new theoretical definition from...

The Jews of Cork

Reader Letters

Torah or Israel

Reader Letters

A Jewish Scholar

Reader Letters

Eclipse of God, and At the Turning, by Martin Buber

Reviewed by Will Herberg

THE addresses delivered by Martin Buber at the campuses he visited in the course of his recent American tour constituted an event of major intellectual significance that will have its...

American History and American Historians, by H. Hale Bellot

Reviewed by Daniel J. Boorstin

UNTIL near the beginning of this century, the major works of historical scholarship had been written by "gentlemen" with an avocational interest in history; since then, Mr. Hale Bellot tells...

From Main Street to Stockholm: Letters of Sinclair Lewis 1919-1930

Reviewed by Irving Howe

ANYONE who knew Sinclair Lewis only through these letters would suppose he was a dreary hack with the soul of a sparrow. True, the book contains mainly business letters to Alfred Harcourt, his...

Report on Southern Africa, by Basil Davidson

Reviewed by G. F. Hudson

SOUTH AFRICA is the paradise of the fellowtraveling Marxist-not, of course, to live in, 623 THE RUSSIAN MENACE TO EUROPE by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Now that Stalin and the Soviet...

J. P. Marquand, Esquire, by Philip Hamburger

Reviewed by Seymour Krim

PHILIP HAMBURGER'S profile of J. P. Marquand first appeared in the New Yorker this past summer; in intention at least it was one of the most novel pieces of reporting to be published in that...

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