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1953
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 January, 1953

Stalin Follows in Hitler's Footsteps

Peter Meyer

ON NOVEMBER 20, 1952, a shudder of horror and apprehension ran through the civilized world such as it had not felt since the night of another November, in 1938, when the synagogues of Germany were...

The First Step Toward “One Europe”:
The Politics of Steel and Coal

Herbert Luethy

"EUROPE," an idea presumably talked to death some time ago, has LI finally found the beginning of a physical realization in the "Black Land" of the coke piles and blast ovens east and west of...

Medical School Quotas and National Health:
Discrimination that Hurts Us All

Lawrence Bloomgarden

THERE is a well-known joke about the boxer who rushes out of his corner at the opening bell only to run into a barrage of punches that leaves him weak and staggering. At the end of the...

How Live by Jewish Law Today?
A Proposal for Those Who Have Fallen Away

Hans Joachim Schoeps

WE JEWS of the mid-20th century live today in what might be called a post-Jewish situation. That is to say, the reality of each day's living is such that it is no longer possible for most of us...

Doing Business the Iraqi Way:
A Wall Street Man in Bagdad

C. Berkeley Cooke

ON MAY 24, 1951, while glancing through the business pages of the New York Times, I came upon the following box inserted among the financial advertisements: WANTED Man with banking...

The Proposition
A Story

Ashur Baizer

WE WERE sitting around the dining-room table in Reb Kiva's V V house; Reb Kiva, my father, and I. My mother, Reb Kiva's oldest daughter, had gone out to visit a friend in the neighborhood,...

Does the Smith Act Threaten Our Liberties?
American Law and the Communist Conspiracy

Sidney Hook

THE Smith Act, and the judicial decisions on its constitutionality, are among the most discussed, and unread, of modern official documents. In brief, the Smith Act makes it unlawful for any...

Manhattan's Oldest Jewish Settlers:
The Sephardi Grandees Suffer a Sea Change

Charles Reznikoff

IT IS somewhat of a surprise to a plain Ashkenazic Jew, reading David de Sola Pool's new book about early Jewish settlers in New York, to learn how early the Jews from Central Europe...

Thunderstorm, Riverside Drive

Babette Deutsch

WHO, above, prepares an austere fiesta? None. It is carpets of cloud unrolling prove The heavens desire dancing. Clearly they also Require grey, for all wear grey. In an enormous Hush the...

From the American Scene: My Father Was a Doctor

Helen Ratnoff Plotz

A LONG time ago, when I was the Doctor's daughter in the Russian Jewish community of Brooklyn, the doctor was at the very top of the tree. The wealth of the "allrightnik," the learning of the...

Cedars of Lebanon: Discovery of the East European Jew

Franz Rosenzweig

IN THE fall of 1913, Franz Rosenzweig gave up his plan to embrace Christianity and decided to remain a Jew. There followed a year of intensive Jewish studies in Berlin. At the outbreak of...

On the Horizon: A Citizen of France

A. A. Davidson

WHISKEY? No, don't try the whiskey here. This is just a small place, there is seldom anyone comes here who would want a good whiskey. A cognac, perhaps. No? Well, I must think. I am sure you...

The Study of Man: How to Be a Parent-and Stay Sane

J. Glenn Gray

Responsible philosophies of history have declared that preoccupation with the training of the young may well be the most accurate index of a nation's level of civilization. By that token, the...

On “Red Channels”

Reader Letters

Mr. Berg Replies

Reader Letters

Church and State

Reader Letters

The Magic Carpet, by Shlomo Barer

Reviewed by Hal Lehrman

SHLOMO BARER's account of the fabulous transplantation by air of 50,000 Yemenite Jews to Israel in 1949 and 1950-the now famous "Operation Magic Carpet"-has authority and dignity, and is...

The Complete American-Jewish Cookbook, by Anne London and Bertha Kahn Bishov

Reviewed by Ruth Glazer

IN 1941 the Jewish Cook Book was first published and for nearly a decade it monopolized the American market as the only complete volume of its kind. Its tone was a combination of stern...

The Build-Up, by William Carlos Williams

Reviewed by Oliver Snyder

DR. WILLIAMS' novels are rarely mentioned in either private or public discussions of American writing; after an ephemeral appearance in the book reviews at the time of their publication, they...

Pioneer's Progress: An Autobiography, by Alvin Johnson

Reviewed by Everett C. Hughes

"I AM no prophet but an American extrovert addicted to the notion that an idea is fertile only when married to action." It is a good thing it was COMMENTARY, and not one of the' academic...

The Devil's Chemists, by Josiah E. Dubois, Jr.

Reviewed by R. F. Tannenbaum

NORMALLY, business is business, but in Hitler's abnormal Reich, business was murder. Five years ago the directors of the I. G. FarbenIndustrie, the huge vertical trust that dominated the...

 February, 1953

Soviet Anti-Semitism in High Gear:
What Can the Kremlin Hope to Gain?

Peter Meyer

IT IS a rare Cassandra that is up to the job these days. At least in the predicting of totalitarian horrors. Things always turn out worse than the gloomiest pessimist would have expected. The...

German Anti-Americanism: East & West Zones:
Clinical Notes for a Diagnosis—and Remedy

Norbert Muhlen

AN HOUR after the American military train to West Germany left West Berlin it was brought to an unscheduled halt. We were at a small station, somewhere in Soviet Germany. Although it was dark...

What Manner of Man Was Hitler?
Messiah of the Ice Age

Francis Golffing

THE study of people's attitudes to Hitler before he came to power and, in some degree, during the early days of his regime, is a study in misconceptions. Almost everybody has sinned here,...

Making the American Shabbos:
The Value of Doing the Impossible

Grace Goldin

"SHABBOS!" Reuben Saberski sighed, stretching his small feet out on the ottoman after dinner. "To think the goyim don't even know what day it is!" That was in August, in Stillwater Falls, when...

Palace Politics in the Damascus Oasis:
Syria's Equilibrium, as of This Writing

Ray Alan

CROSSING the Srian frontier anywhere is always a little hazardous. True, it is only near the Huleh armistice line that one risks being shot at; but Syria's relations with her Arab League...

Words Having Holiness

Eli Siegel

MAY His great name Be mighty and holy In the world His will has made. May this be with speed, And in a near time. Amen. May His kingdom Come to be In your life, your days, And in the...

The Heart of a Chauffeur
A Story

I. D. Berkowitz

ONE warm spring day, on my first visit to Jerusalem, I decided to make an automobile trip to the Dead Sea. My hotelkeeper recommended a private chauffeur well known in the city as a good...

The King, the Bishop, and the Jew:
A 6th-Century Disputation; Scene: A Hunting Lodge Near Paris

Allan Temko

THIS is a scene of the Dark Ages: when Rome had fallen for more than a century, and the rich province of Gaul was once again a wilderness ruled by wild Frankish tyrants; when all France was a...

The American Scene in Commentary's Mirror:
Introduction to an Anthology from our Pages

David Riesman

"IDLE" curiosity about themselves, like alcoholic excess, is something that American Jews in the past have not felt able to afford. They feared inquisitiveness from their enemies; and over...

From the American Scene: In Tails, Tallis, and Tachrichim

S. T. Hecht

WHEN Jake Hammer died he sure made us trouble. Naturally, you'll ask how could Jake make trouble if he was dead? That's precisely the point. Among our Jewish people, it appears, you shouldn't...

Cedars of Lebanon: Sayings of the Fathers: Chapter I

Reader Letters

ON THE long Sabbath afternoons of summer, it is customary to read in the synagogue a chapter of the Mishnah tractate popularly called The Sayings of the Fathers (Pirke Aboth). Dating back to...

On the Horizon: The Highbrow Know-Nothings

Steven Marcus

WYNDHAM LEWIS's The Revenge for Love, written in 1937 and now published in this country for the first time, is a satirical exposure of Stalinist society in England at the time of the...

On the Horizon: Israelis Singing in Chorus

Chemjo Vinaver

THOUGH it has lately become fashionable to find fault with things in Israel, in the field of music it is still the accepted thing for the visitor to come, to listen, and-to praise. But perhaps...

The Study of Man: The Interviewer at Work

I. L. Peretz

POPULAR images are rarely entirely wrong; and if the mass media and the popular mind today see the social scientist as a man with pencil and pad in hand, buttonholing hapless citizens on the...

Mr. Handlin Replies

Reader Letters

The “Little” Jews

Reader Letters

Keynes and Schumpeter

Reader Letters

Mistake

Reader Letters

The Prague Trial

Reader Letters

Rendezvous with Destiny, by Eric F. Goldman

Reviewed by Granville Hicks

PROFESSOR GOLDMAN has given us a full-scale account of what has been variously known as reformism and liberalism and progressivism in America, from the gentlemanly revolt of the Liberal...

The Ill-Tempered Clavichord, by S. J. Perelman

Reviewed by Morris Freedman

THIS most recent collection of S. J. Perelman's essays, though small like all of his volumes, makes, as usual, exasperatingly slow reading. On each page you have to plow through a syntax and...

Lord Acton, by Gertrude Himmelfarb

Reviewed by George N. Shuster

WHY should anybody wish to read about a scholarly but relatively obscure member of the Dalberg family who is known as Lord Acton? His reputation rests primarily on his editorship of a voluminous...

Report on the American Communist, by Morris L. Ernst and David Loth

Reviewed by Oliver Snyder

THE publication of this book by Morris Ernst and David Loth probably marks a new phase in the fight against Communism: the full-lengthif somewhat belated-attempt by liberals themselves to...

Israel: The Establishment of a State, by Harry Sacher; Israel, by Norman Bentwich; and The New State of Israel, by Gerald de Gaury

Reviewed by Robert Weltsch

HARRY SACHER and Norman Bentwich are both prominent English Zionists of long standing, and either might have been expected to offer us that intimate and yet realistically detached account of...

 March, 1953

Will Soviet Anti-Semitism Teach the Lesson?
For Most Britishers, It Has

George Lichtheim

IT IS now three months since the antiJewish campaign in the Soviet orbit got under way with the Prague "trial," and a month since it spread from the circumference to the center of Stalin's...

Roxborough, Post-Truman:
The New Small-Town Community in the Making

Granville Hicks

THE voting began early. A friend of mine, candidate for a local office, told me that there were at least a dozen persons in line when he arrived at the town hall soon after 6 A.M. By noon some...

Yizkor: The Living and the Dead:
The Community as Woven by Memory

Theodor Gaster

INCREASINGLY, the traditional Yizkor or Memorial Service tends to cast a spell upon the minds and sentiments of Jews in Western countries. A dubious gain, some consider it: for example, Israel...

How the Rich Move Softly

Marcia Nardi

How the rich move softly through their injustices Softly as the uncut grasses on summer noons They moveThat tinkle? It's their cocktail glasses, That sound of hatchet blows? I do not...

The Method of Senator McCarthy:
Its Origins, Its Uses, and Its Prospects

Nathan Glazer

I feel strongly about labelling products for what they are. Poison should be labelled as poison; treason should be labelled as treason; truth should be labelled as truth; lies should be...

Kibbutz Ain Harod Faces Up to Prague:
Report from the Israeli Grass Roots

Aleph V. Sherman

THE Prague trial meant the "day of disillusion" for most of the adherents of Mapam in the Ain Harod settlement-so much so that the later news from Moscow of the arrest of the...

The Liberal Conscience in “the Crucible”:
Arthur Miller and His Audience

Robert S. Warshow

ONE of the things that have been said of The Crucible, Arthur Miller's new play about the Salem witchcraft trials, is that we must not be misled by its obvious contemporary relevance: it is...

Children of Two Inheritances:
How It Worked Itself Out

Emanuel Litvinoff

WHEN I was nine years old my stepuncle Harry brought his new wife to tea and I had my first close-up of a mixed marriage and a Frenchwoman all at the same time. It was, perhaps, the Frenchwoman...

The Game
A Story

Nathan Asch

THE game by now was about three years old, and they all loved it. All of them were veterans of the last war, except the butcher, who was a veteran of the first war; and they had started...

From the American Scene: My Father Was a Hero

Shlomo Katz

MY FATHER was always an old man. My earliest recollections of him go back almost forty years, and even then his long beard was streaked with gray. Now his beard is entirely white. He is...

Cedars of Lebanon: Commentary on The Song of Songs

Shlomo Yitzhaki

IN THE spring a young man's fancy turns to thoughts of love. Even the Rabbis understood this and they prescribed the Song of Songs for public reading on Passover. Breathing the spirit of spring...

On the Horizon: Chaplin's Film Romance

Nathan Glick

HAPLIN'S Limelight celebrates old fashions. In terms of craft, it invokes the English music-hall comedy style on which Chaplin was nurtured as a boy, and the silent film slapstick that made...

The Study of Man: Biblical Criticism and Judaism

Moshe Greenberg

A FRIEND of mine was recently faced with the following challenge to the critical methods of present-day Bible study: "If your beloved had sent you a letter, would you set about scrutinizing the...

The Smith Act

Reader Letters

Mr. Hook Replies

Reader Letters

Franz Rosenzweig: His Life and Thought, presented by Nahum N. Glatzer

Reviewed by Reinhold Niebuhr

THIS book is a belated and therefore doubly welcome introduction to American readers of the thought and life of one of the two Jewish religious thinkers who have profoundly affected the...

Sidney Hillman: Statesman of Labor, by Matthew Josephson

Reviewed by Philip Taft

LABOR leaders are not the best biographical material. Lacking the intellectual vices of selfquestioning doubt or excessive introspection, their lives can usually be read in the...

The Oldest Stories in the World, translated and retold with comments, by Theodor H. Gaster

Reviewed by Joseph Wood Krutch

ACCORDING to the translator and editor, these thirteen stories are literally the oldest in the world. Five are Babylonian, five Hittite, and three Canaanite. All were found written in cuneiform...

Bolshevism: An Introduction to Soviet Communism, by Waldemar Gurian

Reviewed by Will Herberg

IN less than a hundred pages, supplemented with seventy pages of notes, documents, and sources, Waldemar Gurian, professor of political science at the University of Notre Dame and editor of the...

The Natural, by Bernard Malamud

Reviewed by Norman Podhoretz

THE fact that a book touches something deep in us is no guarantee that it will be a good book; but the trouble with serious contemporary fiction in general is its neglect of the ordinary...

 April, 1953

Our Unspoken National Faith:
Why Americans Need No Ideology

Daniel J. Boorstin

THE marvelous success and vitality of American institutions is equaled by the amazing poverty and inarticulateness of our theorizing about politics. No nation has ever believed more...

The Cold War Perspective Without Stalin:
Why Soviet Expansion May Now Accelerate

George Lichtheim

STALIN'S disappearance from the scene he has so long dominated is the kind of event to which the term "end of an epoch" can be applied without overmuch exaggeration, and that for reasons...

March 1953

Barbara Guest

THE world of my youth is ending. Famous people are dying every day. Gertrude Lawrence, And now it is Stalin. The last one will be Winston Churchill, And after that probably, My...

Point Fourism Is Not Enough:
Power Politics and the Economic Fallacy

G. F. Hudson

FROM time to time in history philosophers rediscover certain facts about human nature which have always been known, but have been for a while, owing to some special circumstances or fashion...

Tokyo's Nipponese-Jewish Friendship League:
The Emperor's Brother Testifies to Israel's Chosenness

Arnold Jacob Wolf

ACHANUKAH party in the Allied forces' Tokyo Chapel Center is pretty much like any other anywhere. The Jewish community invites the servicemen stationed in central Honshu and the...

Are We Israelis Still Jews?
The Search for Judaism in the New Society

Ernst Simon

THE late Jan Huizinga, famous Dutch cultural historian, characterized the latter part of the Middle Ages in this way: "Life was so infused with religion that, at any given moment, the...

The Outlook for Labor Under Eisenhower:
The Organized Need to Be Reorganized

A. H. Raskin

EVEN before the Eisenhower sweep, signs were plentiful that American unions faced the unpleasant necessity of reevaluating their basic functions and thinking through their relationship with...

Black and White Unite
A Story

Marvin Elkoff

A MOMENT before, her chirping, scurrying voice had called the meeting to order with: "All right, Comrades and kiddies, to work we must go!" And now she was reading the agenda, noting that the...

Israel's Left Reels to the Shock of “Prague”:
Chronicle of a Disillusionment

Mark Alexander

RUMORS in Israel for months and weeks had the Slansky trial starting so many times before it actually did that it came almost as an anticlimax. Many Jews appeared to be among the accused,...

From the American Scene: Madame Vishnak and the Victrola

Morris Freedman

MY MOTHER, who came to America when she was about sixteen, always talked of the home she ran away from on the border of Russia as a kind of sprawling, Chekhovian establishment. She gave the...

Cedars of Lebanon: Letter to His Translator

MosEs son of Maimon, called Maimonides or Maimuni and also Rambam, born in Cordova, Spain, in 1135, was the greatest Jewish philosopher of the Middle Ages and a renowned physician. He is the...

On the Horizon: Passover on the Mountain

M. K. Wankowicz

THE road from Jerusalem down to the ancient Hebrew city of Shechem or Shem, now the town of Nablus (an Arabicized form of its Greek name, Neapolis, or "new city"), is beautiful and wild,...

The Study of Man: America's Ethnic Pattern

Nathan Glazer

THE fact that Americans are alsoand in many cases, primarily-Germans, Italians, Poles, Jews, etc. is taken with deadly seriousness by the general mass of Americans, but tends rather to be...

Bowery Days

Reader Letters

Jewish Existentialism

Reader Letters and Reader Letters

In Tails, Tallis, Etc.

Reader Letters

British Anti-Americanism

Reader Letters

Letting Children Alone

Reader Letters

The Smith Act

Reader Letters

Israel's Choir Festival

Reader Letters

Biblical Criticism

Reader Letters

Yizkor and Sitting Shiva

Reader Letters

Inverted Criticism

Reader Letters

I. D. Berkowitz

Reader Letters

Socialism and American Life, edited by Donald Drew Egbert and Stow Persons

Reviewed by Paul Kecskemeti

SOCIALISM has been preached and practiced in America under many guises. First there was the vogue of small model communities-like Oneida, New Harmony, Brook Farm-set up in the wilderness, and...

Three Books on Germany

Reviewed by Hal Lehrman

"How old is she?" Socrates asked a parent complaining about his daughter's disposition. "Four," said the father. "Alas," said the philosopher, "she's too old to change." Hans Habe, who tells...

A Group of Lincoln Books

Reviewed by Edward N. Saveth

As Benjamin P. Thomas's biography of Lincoln continues week after week on the New York Times best-seller list, it may well set in motion a new trend in the writing of American historical...

Meine Kinder, by Lena Kuechler

Reviewed by Marcia E. Allentuck

THE modern parallel to Aycha, the Book of Lamentations, has come to be known by the Yiddish term Churb'n-Literatur. The phrase is correct but inadequate. This literature does not deal with...

Always the Young Strangers, by Carl Sandburg

Reviewed by Isa Kapp

IF WE look back at Henry James's ironic and affectionate portrait of The American, we find a hero surprisingly like Carl Sandburg: a restless man who covered a great deal of ground, had few...

 May, 1953

The Liberals' Political Road Back:
The Days of Reform From Above Are Over

Robert Bendiner

SPECULATION about the political future of American liberalism in the next few years realistically begins, if it does not end, with the outlook for the Democratic party. Any suggestion that...

Was Malenkov Behind the Anti-Semitic Plot?
The Doctors' Frame-up and Its Reversal

Franz Borkenau

THE manner of the latest shift on anti-Semitism by the Soviet regime seems to confirm what a few close observers had alerted opinion to even prior to the Prague trial-that the key to the...

“The Pleasure of the Fishes”

Marvin Solomon

I AM suspicious of snap decisions. So, I can never make up my mind. Unfortunately, I always see the two sides to Every question-and both at once. Unkind As it may seem, it saves me from...

Jewish Education Must Be Religious Education:
How to Begin in This Age of Doubt

Arthur Hertzberg

THE present resurgence of interest in Jewish education, the increased funds available, the undoubted improvement in educational techniques, the rise in enrollments-however encouraging...

A White Liberal Trapped by His Prejudices:
Riot Draws the Lines in Kimberley

Dan Jacobson

IT IS a curious fact that we have in recent literature introspection on practically everything that people could possibly introspect about. We know why people become Communists, and why...

Has Tito's Regime Gone Democratic?
A First-hand Observer Appraises the Changes

Maurice Goldbloom

EVERY day thousands of Belgrade's citizens file through the offices of the United States Information Service to get copies of the Serbo-Croat edition of its news bulletins. The only patrons of...

Professor Toynbee Surrenders the West:
Do the Facts Justify This Defeatism?

G. F. Hudson

SINCE Bertrand Russell in 1948 gave the first Reith Lectures over the BBC under the title "Authority and the Individual," these broadcast lectures have become almost a national institution...

The Life and Art of Modigliani
Behind His Unique Vision

Alfred Werner

IN ITALY there exists an odd legal provision concerning the seizure of a debtor's property; whatever else the officers of the law may impound, they cannot touch a bed in which a woman has...

The Beginning of the Journey
An Autobiographical Story

Jacob Twersky

I WAS four years old when I came down with scarlet fever and complications. For a long time I lay dazed, and then my mind began to clear and I was afraid I had the measles again. For whenever...

From the American Scene: Boston's Jewish Community: Earlier Days

Charles Reznikoff

VISITORS did not think well of the early Bostonians. One of them in 1699 described the place as follows: "The buildings, like their women . . . neat and handsome. And their streets, like...

Cedars of Lebanon: The Wisdom of Koheleth

Robert Gordis

IF RENAN is to be believed, the Book of Ecclesiastes is the most charming book ever written by a Jew. For twenty centuries it has exerted a profound fascination upon readers. This, in...

On the Horizon: Ramadan Sundown with Modern Improvements

Ray Alan

EVERY self-respecting Moslem town possesses a cannon which is fired daily at sunset during the month of Ramadan. Sundown brings to an end the strict abstinence from food, drink (even water),...

Exodus in Spring

Pamela Melnikoff

DEATH came to Pharaoh's Egypt with the spring. Years afterwards, the first warm, lingering day Still made his people mourn, remembering How April snatched their first-born sons away. Death came...

Study of Man: The Colonial System of the USSR

Hugh Seton-Watson

IT IS a commonplace that the Hapsburg Empire fell because its rulers could not satisfy the conflicting claims of its nationalities. It is less widely known that the Soviet Union is a...

Professor Maclver Demurs

Reader Letters

Errata

Reader Letters

Community

Reader Letters

Containment or Liberation? by James Burnham

Reviewed by Norman Thomas

THE sum total of James Burnham's philosophy puzzles me. I have never been able to see how his famous Managerial Revolution, predestined by history, fits into his later exposition of power...

The Old Testament: Keystone of Human Culture, by William A. Irwin

Reviewed by Theodor Gaster

MOST people take it for granted that the teachings of the Old Testament are one of the prime foundations of Western religion and ethics; yet there are few who would be able to set down on...

Arrow in the Blue, by Arthur Koestler

Reviewed by Martin Greenberg

IN SETTING out to write his autobiography, of which this is the first volume, Arthur Koestler first retrospectively cast his "secular horoscope" -i.e., he looked up the issue of the London Times...

Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth, by Norbert Wiener

Reviewed by Gertrude Himmelfarb

ONE of the famous exhibits in the 19th century's showcase of infant prodigies is the fouryear-old Macaulay who, when asked how he was feeling after having been scalded, replied: "Thank you,...

America and the Intellectuals. A Symposium

Reviewed by Oscar Handlin

THIS collection of essays evokes immediate surprise. After all, moderation and good sense are not what we have come to expect of intellectuals writing about America. The last few decades of...

In the Nazi Era, by Sir Lewis Namier; and Dramatische Tage in Hitlers Reich, by Erwin Wickert

Reviewed by H. L. Trefousse

IN HIS latest book, Sir Lewis Namier continues the critical examination of the memoirs of German statesmen and generals that he began in his Europe in Decay two years ago. He contends that we...

 June, 1953

Do Silent Witnesses Defend Civil Liberties?
The Course of “Profoundest Wisdom”

Alan F. Westin

The greatest obstacle to being heroic is the doubt whether one may not be going to prove one's self a fool; the truest heroism is to resist the doubt, and the profoundest wisdom is to know...

St. Helena

Sol Stein

IN THE beginning God, in seven days The earth and such Then nothing. A giant wombed In the South Atlantic Thrust his face Through surface glass Howled defiant Words at water Water...

The Affair of the Finaly Children:
France Debates a Drama of Faith and the Family

Nicolas Baudy

BETWEEN seven and eight o'clock on the morning of February 3, 1953, Robert Finaly, aged eleven, and his brother Gerald, aged ten, were carried out by unknown persons from the College of Saint...

The Plight of Our Culture:
Industrialism and Class Mobility

Clement Greenberg

T.S. ELIOT'S most recent book on a non-literary subject, Notes Towards the Definition of Culture, proceeds largely on the assumption, familiar by now, that our culture is in decline. The...

A Young Frenchman Discovers America:
Some Notes After a Year in New York

Michel Fougeres

MY ARRIVAL was all I could have wished it to be; even the bad weather, which delayed our ship several hours so that we approached the port at low tide, proved advantageous, for we had to await...

Religious Modernism Stirs in Israel:
Orthodoxy Faces a Challenge of Faith

Judd L. Teller

IN RECENT years Israel has been experiencing something of a religious renascence. The clamorous political demands and strident propaganda of the Religious Bloc have obscured the fact...

Germany, Center of The “Peace Offensive”:
Is an East-West Settlement Possible?

George Lichtheim

NOTHING illustrates better the prevailing temper of Europe this spring than the fact that conservatism has once more become the dominant mood of electorates and governments. In Britain, the...

Israeli Painting: After Twenty-Five Years
A Report on Progress

William Schack

TWENTY-FIVE years ago there were about fifty artists in Jewish Palestine, in a total population of 150,000. Of these fifty, discounting a few popular sentimental painters, two had already...

The Box
A Story

Dan Jacobson

MY BROTHER and I kept homing pigeons for many years. We had a hok at the bottom of the back yard, and were members of the Lyndhurst Junior Homing Pigeon Society. We used to send our birds...

From the American Scene: We Advance, Singing

Ruth Field Iglehart

ALTHOUGH I grew up in New York and dutifully completed the prescribed stages of its public school system, much of my early education took place in other and less familiar surroundings....

Cedars of Lebanon: The Banquet of God

Theodor Gaster

THE Aramaic poem Akdamuth is one of the most famous elements of the traditional morning service on the first day of the Feast of Weeks. It is chanted by the cantor before the reading of the...

On the Horizon: The Juggler: Hollywood in Israel

Nathan Glick

THE story of Israel seems, on the surface, a natural for Hollywood. It is, after all, an epic of pioneers, and the folklore of pioneering has been a staple of American films for nearly...

The Study of Man: How Discriminatory Are College Admissions?

Morton Clurman

AMONG the problems of our age, that of prejudice is not the least complex. In its action and reactions, a web is woven in which we are all caught. Like it or not, where a set of attitudes toward...

Mr. Lehrman Replies

Reader Letters

The Archdeacon Objects

Reader Letters

Mr. Cooke Answers

Reader Letters

Shame and Glory of the Intellectuals, by Peter Viereck

Reviewed by Robert Gorham Davis

MR. VIERECK'S indispensable book might also be subtitled: "The Cold War Debater's Manual," or "Guide to Correct Thinking on All Fundamental Questions." It takes its pattern from the...

In the Morning Light, by Charles Angoff

Reviewed by Sylvia Rothchild

IN THE MORNING LIGHT. By CHARLES ANGOFF. Beechhurst. 736 pp. $4.50. Reviewed by SYLVIA ROTHCHILD IN THE MORNINGT LIGHT is the second of Charles Angoff's books about the Polansky family,...

Ancient Judaism, by Max Weber

Reviewed by Ralph Marcus

ONE of my donnish professors used to say that when good German theories die they go to Oxford. He was probably thinking of humanistic studies. Of German theories in social science it would be...

The American Temper: Patterns of Our Intellectual Heritage, by Richard D. Mosier

Reviewed by Daniel J. Boorstin

AT LEAST since the 18th century, when Crivecoeur came here from France and asked, What is an American? students of our culture have looked for the characteristically American. This quest has...

Such, Such Were the Joys, by George Orwell

Reviewed by Irving Howe

EACH time another posthumous book by Orwell appears one is depressed at remembering that it has been stitched together from strav remnants; and then, impressed at how well those remnants keep....

 July, 1953

Is the Free West in Decline?
History's Verdict” in Perspective

Hans Kohn

Our time is dominated by a feeling of unprecedented crisis involving every aspect of political, social, and intellectual life.

Can Eisenhower Form a Government?
He's Learning, and He Keeps His Popular Support

Harold Lavine

Hardly anyone still likes Ike, except the voters.

Jewish Giving Is Coming of Age:
1953 Trends Show a New Stability and Constructiveness

Hal Lehrman

This is the mid-point in the fundraising year.

A French Lady on the Dark Continent:
Simone de Beauvoir's Impressions of America

William Phillips

Since the defeat of Hitler, there has been a worldwide contest to choose the new Enemy Number One, and the finalists are now Russia and America.

Chaim Soutine, A Painter

Thomas B. Brumbaugh

A Poem.

Growing Up Between Two Worlds:
Reflections of the Child of a Mixed Marriage

Richard Goldhurst

When we reached high school age, my mother wanted to finance our education at a Catholic prep school.

Can Stalin Have a Successor?
Why the Dictator's Shoes Cannot Be Filled

Paul Willen

The developments since Stalin's death have made it abundantly clear that Malenkov's immediate installation as Premier did not settle—as so many thought it would—the question of the “succession,” so hotly discussed at the time.

Best-Dressed Kid on the Block
A Story

Eliot L. Wagner

A Story.

Work and Leisure Under Industrialism:
The Plight of Our Culture: Part II

Clement Greenberg

High, highbrow, genteel, academic (in the original sense), or aulic culture is now pursued by a relatively small number of people most of whom come from the middle classes.

The Businessman

David Ignatow

A Poem.

From the American Scene: McCaffrey's Bar and Grill

Donald Paneth

McCaffrey's Bar & Grill is a little neighborhood bar, on a street corner, where people gather to drink, and chatter, and watch television. In the street, a neon blinks on and off, cars, buses, and trucks pass swiftly, and men loiter restlessly on the corner.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Revelation of Neilah

Aime Palliere

It Is difficult for me to conceive the state of mind of a young Israelite of our country.

On the Horizon: Goldstein on Bullheads, Larshi on Pike

Lucy S. Dawidowicz

In the last few years Jews have turned up in the most unlikely places—as a colonel in the Chinese army, as Miss America, as toreador in the bull-ring.

The Study of Man: The Cave Scrolls and the Jewish Sects

H. L. Ginsberg

In the summer of 1947, some Bedouins of the Wilderness of Judah (the arid eastern slope of the hill country of Judah that descends to the Dead Sea) chanced upon a grotto near a ruin by the name of Khirbet Qumran, lying south from the northwest corner of the Dead Sea.

Mr. Lichtheim Replies

Reader Letters

“The Crucible”

Reader Letters

Mr. Warshow Replies

Reader Letters

Hitler

Reader Letters

The American Faith

Reader Letters

Nippon and the Jews

Reader Letters

Jewish Education

Reader Letters

Heresy, Yes-Conspiracy, No, by Sidney Hook

Reviewed by Robert E. Fitch

The Guilt Makers, by David Weiss

Reviewed by Midge Decter

Harold Laski, by Kingsley Martin

Reviewed by George Lichtheim

Four Anthologies of Avant-Garde Writing

Reviewed by Seymour Krim

 August, 1953

Eisenhower and the Conservative Revolution:
The Dream That Is Not to Be

J. K. Galbraith

Our folklore has long held that the difference between the political left and right in the United States—I am not here concerned with the pathological extremes—lies at least partly in the approach to reality.

The Berlin Events: Cold War Turning Point?
A First-Hand Report of the Uprising

John McCormick

West Berlin on Wednesday morning, June 17, was seething with every manner of rumor, report, information which had the tinny clank of falseness, and still other information which rang true but seemed utterly impossible.

Our Jewish Community Pattern and Its Critics:
Why Single, Central Authority Is Not For Us

Milton Himmelfarb

"They order this matter better in France.”

The Anti-Communism of Senator McCarthy:
It Slays More Friends Than Foes

James Rorty

Stalin had died, and the scramble for the succession was on.

Jonas, My Old Friend
A Story

Mark Raven

A Story.

The Hasidim

Chayym Zeldis

A Poem.

The Hard Road to Israeli Self-Dependence:
Facing Up to the Grim Economic Realities

Schlomo Riemer

One of the most important aims of Zionism was to reduce the dependence of Jewish communities on a surrounding Gentile world.

Literature and the “Spiritual Crisis”:
Must the Creative Artist Have Religion?

Norman Podhoretz

Thirty years ago, in an essay which sought to account for certain peculiar qualities in metaphysical poetry, T. S. Eliot suggested that a “dissociation of sensibility” took place in the 17th century as the result of the breakup of the medieval world and the growing influence of the new physics.

The Vienna of the Departed:
The Tale the Old Cemetery Tells

Robert Pick

My Friend G. had been waiting for me at the station.

From the American Scene: My Debut with Madame Vishnak

Morris Freedman

One of my mother' idols when I was about fifteen was a refugee European actress named Shulamith Vishnak.

Cedars of Lebanon: Prayers of Penitence

Theodor Gaster

On each of the Jewish festivals and Holy Days —and likewise on many Sabbaths—the traditional services of the synagogue are embellished or tricked out by special poetic compositions known as piyyutim.

On the Horizon: Bible-Age Relics and Jewish Art

Leo Steinberg

In a showcase at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York hangs the jawbone of an ass—“like the one Samson used against the Philistines,” said the press release.

The Study of Man: The Role of Brains in the Total State

Daniel Lerner

A PERENNIAL problem of government concerns the relation between men of knowledge and men of power in the shaping of social policy. The best-known answer of classical antiquity-never,...

Jewish Education

Reader Letters

“The Juggler”

Reader Letters

Early American Jewry, by Jacob R. Marcus

Reviewed by Oscar Handlin

A Treasury of Jewish Letters, edited by Franz Kobler

Reviewed by Jacob Sloan

These letters are disappointing.

 September, 1953

Prospects at the Far Eastern Peace Table:
The Thorny Problem of Red China and Formosa

G. F. Hudson

If, as Clausewitz said, war is the pursuit of policy by other means, it follows that the end of a war means a return to the methods of diplomacy, but under new conditions resulting from the ordeal by battle.

The Sundering of Israel and American Jewry:
Has the New State Rejected Its Jewish Past?

Maurice Samuel

The whole disturbing complex of spiritual problems which has emerged for world Jewry with the creation of the Jewish state presented itself to me in sharpest focus in a memorable experience during my last long visit to Israel in the summer of 1952.

What is the “Right” Up to?:
A Look at Their Record in Congress

Maurice Goldbloom

At various times in the past twenty years, liberals have been overcome with a sense of apprehension lest the United States again fall into the hands of the forces of reaction, all social gains be destroyed or at least undermined, and our traditional freedoms be snatched away.

Flight From God--and Return:
A Modern Commentary on the Book of Jonah

Ernst Simon

Thus begins the book of Jonah, which we will draw upon when, several hours from now, we shall be reading the customary passage from the prophets at afternoon service.

Dutchman, Jew, Piccanin
A Story

Dan Jacobson

A Story.

Possessions

David Ignatow

A Poem.

The “Great Books” and a Liberal Education:
Must All Free Men Read Them—Or Be Slaves?

F. R. Leavis

D.H. Lawrence's would have been the commentary to have on The Great Books of the Western World.

Can We Stay Jews Outside “the Land”?:
An Exchange

David Ben Gurion and Simon A. Dolgin

An exchange of letters between Israel's Prime Minister, David Ben Gurion, and a Los Angeles rabbi, Simon Golgin.

Broadway Takes Refuge in Childhood:
No Adult Drama in Sight

Henry Popkin

We are on the threshold of a new Broadway season, but there seems little reason to expect that it will depart in any fundamental way from the pattern of the past season.

From the American Scene: The Story of Josef Neuberger

Sylvia Rothchild

While searching for some old books in our attic, one afternoon, I found a crumbling prayer book, loosely wrapped in brown paper.

Cedars of Lebanon: Poems of the Festivals

Theodor Gaster

Yom Kippur is more than a Day of Atonement on which individuals purge their sins by the threefold process of introspection, confession, and regeneration.

On the Horizon: Sholom Aleichem: Jewishness Is Jews

Norman Podhoretz

Sholom Aleichem's The Adventures of Mattel the Cantor's Son is the comic Odyssey of a Jewish family traveling from Kassrilovka to New York in the early years of the 20th century.

Study of Man: German Historians' Verdict on Hitler

H. L. Trefousse

One of the gravest dangers faced by democratic elements in Germany in 1945 was the possible revival of a Hitler myth.

Du, Meine Welt
(Schubert)

Dachine Rainer

A Poem.

Silent Witnesses

Reader Letters

The Vienna Cemetery

Reader Letters

Ancient Jewish Art

Reader Letters

Youth of all Nations

Reader Letters

The Captive Mind, by Czeslaw Milosz

Reviewed by Paul Kecskemeti

A Group of Recent Novels

Reviewed by Stanley Edgar Hyman

Maurice Ravel, by Victor I. Seroff; and Notes Without Music: An Autobiography, by Darius Milhaud

Reviewed by Joseph Kerman

No other figure in the history of the arts has had a traumatic effect like that of Richard Wagner.

Make Me an Offer, by Wolf Mankowitz

Reviewed by Morris Freedman

 October, 1953

Can We Save the Bill of Human Rights?
Opportunity for a New Start

Max Beer

In Geneva from 1920 to 1939, I had the opportunity of watching the realization and development of the centuries-old dream of a League of Nations.

Why Israel Misunderstands American Jewry:
Some Ways of Closing the Rift

Maurice Samuel

Two sets of forces play upon American and Israeli Jewries, one driving them apart, the other pulling them together.

The Bible and a Liberal Education:
Its Benefits, as Seen by an Unbeliever

Spencer Brown

Joseph Pulitzer, the story goes, once wrote a beautiful editorial on Christmas.

Do We Leave the Russian Jews to Their Fate?
They Face Extinction, Unless

Julius Margolin

“All of Israel are responsible for one another.” So the ancient rabbis taught.

“Bar Mitzvah”: A Story From the Soviet Index:
Published in Moscow, 1948

Alexander Isbakh

On the 25th of February, 1917, I was thirteen years old.

The East Side Gangsters of the Paper-Backs:
The “Jewish” Novels That Millions Buy

Meyer Levin

Remember that Jewish boy in the Fannie Hurst era, that sensitive son of the unworldly Talmudist?

The “Nouveau Riche” and Culture:
The Patron Through the Ages

Alvin Johnson

“Nouveau Riche”—what a world of contempt lies in that phrase!

Glory Be to God for Dappled Things:
An Autobiographical Story

Dannie Abse

June the first was our day of peace.

From the American Scene: Gittleson, Defender of the Faith

S. T. Hecht

At a Men's Club meeting a fortnight or so before our Holy Days, I had occasion to inquire after Gittleson our shammes and learned that the poor fellow was sick.

Cedars of Lebanon: Philosophy in Hebrew Culture

Simon M. Dubnow

It is not my purpose here to develop any new theory upon a theme to which not a little study has already been devoted, but merely to express a view, which may, I believe, lead to certain definite conclusions.

On the Horizon: The New Faith of the Saturday Evening Post

Robert S. Brustein

The publishers of The Saturday Evening Post Stories: 1952 (Random House) tell us that it was produced for no other purpose than to illustrate the “infinite variety” of “one of America's best-loved magazines”—and to entertain.

Attempted Dialogue With My Grandfather

Mortimer Slaiman

A Poem.

The Study of Man: Jewish-Gentile Intermarriage: Facts and Trends

Hershel Shanks

American Jews have always been keenly interested in their rate of intermarriage, perhaps precisely because it has been such a difficult statistic to come bycoupled with the fact that it is the common assumption that a high rate of intermarriage spells the end of Judaism, and with it the heritage and way of life that Judaism represents.

Israel and God

Reader Letters

Who Is a Rightist?

Reader Letters

Gender

Reader Letters

Labor and Laski

Reader Letters

Writing and Intermarriage

Reader Letters

Appeal

Reader Letters

The Adventures of Augie March, by Saul Bellow

Reviewed by Norman Podhoretz

Campus Gods on Trial, by Chad Walsh

Reviewed by Will Herberg

 November, 1953

Can We Free Eastern Europe Now?
Why Neither Liberation nor Settlement Seems in Sight

Hugh Seton-Watson

The greatest political problem in Europe, which was open at the time of Stalin's death, remains open today.

Jew in the Factory:
How He Looks to His Fellow Workers

Warner Bloomberg Jr.

It was a late summer afternoon and the air inside the plant was thick with heat.

The “Idealism” of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg:
The Kind of People We Are”

Robert S. Warshow

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were not put to death for their opinions, but from their side, clearly, they died for their opinions nevertheless.

The Germans' Present Conservatism: Its Roots:
What The People Want

Peter Schmid

"Strange,” Frau Blumel confessed to me, when I visited her home in a modest housing development on the outskirts of a great German city, “we used to be much better off, before and during the war."

My War with Hersh Rasseyner
A Story

Chaim Grade

A Story.

Vergil, Hebrew Prophecy, and the Roman Ideal:
Aeneas as the Roman Moses

Moses Hadas

The influence of the Aeneid in shaping European ideas on religion and politics has been incalculably great, and it is the peculiarly Vergilian content of the poem, not the things borrowed from Greek models, that exercised this influence.

Conservative Judaism Faces the Need of Change:
In What Direction, How Much, and How?

Fritz A. Rothschild

“Has the synagogue become the graveyard where prayer is buried? Are we, the spiritual leaders of American Jewry, members of a chevra kadisha [burial society]?”

The American Negro in Search of Identity:
Three Novelists: Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, James Baldwin

Steven Marcus

In picking up a novel about Negroes one feels almost as if the writer were starting from scratch—as if he were writing about people who have been deprived of culture and of coherent history.

From the American Scene: County Official

Donald Paneth

Rockland County, in the southeastern part of New York State, is a suburban region twenty miles from New York City.

Cedars of Lebanon: How Shall We Know the Messiah?

Do not think that King Messiah will have to perform signs and wonders, bring anything new into being, revive the dead, or do similar things.

On the Horizon: Where Yiddish Theater Lives On

George Ross

A gala night is not an occasion for presenting King Lear, nor is it a time to look for sustained performance.

The Study of Man: Is America Still the Land of Opportunity?

William Petersen

A popular cliché has it that it is harder nowadays for a young man to get ahead in this country than it was, say, fifty or seventy-five years ago.

Rejoinder

Reader Letters

A Passage in the Night, by Sholem Asch

Reviewed by Norman Podhoretz

Ernest Bevin, by Francis Williams

Reviewed by T. R. Fyvel

Apostles of Discord, by Ralph Lord Roy

Reviewed by James Rorty

 December, 1953

How We Live Now in America:
Some Unprophesied Fruits of the Machine Age

Granville Hicks

Around our house in upstate New York are lawn and flower gardens and a kitchen garden, but beyond this small area of cultivation the forest has taken over.

The New Germany and Her Remaining Jews:
A Reporter's Notebook

Hal Lehrman

Düsseldorf (late August): Fists still swing freely in Germany.

The Issue Between Judaism and Christianity:
Facing Up to the Unresolvable Difference

Jacob Taubes

For all the current popularity of the term “Judeo-Christian” tradition, the differences between the Jewish and Christian religions are not at all resolved.

Our Changing Ideals, as Seen on TV:
The Father on the Hearth

Norman Podhoretz

At least fifty plays are produced on television every week.

The Crisis Behind Russia's Slowdown:
Negotiation Now: Its Uses and Limits

Richard Lowenthal

Western observers often fail to notice new trends in Soviet affairs because they crop up in unexpected places.

Dictators, Democracy, and Latin American Jewry:
Some Political Paradoxes of Our Hemisphere

Benno Weiser

At the height of the excitement over Soviet anti-Semitism, a South American delegate to the UN said to me, “You Jews are really unlucky. First, Hitler persecuted you. Then Stalin. And now to top it off..."

The Illusions of the Intelligentsia:
The Moral Question and the Secularists

Robert E. Fitch

It was the good fortune of this American republic that its founders were members of an intelligentsia.

A Family Man
A Story

Dan Jacobson

A Story.

From the American Scene: A Pulpit in the South

Harry L. Golden

It had been an ordeal for both Rabbi Geller and Mr. Morris Witcoff, president of Temple Emanu-El, “The Jewish Reform Congregation of Elizabeth, North Carolina.”

On the Horizon: Lord Jowitt and the Case of Alger Hiss

James Grossman

When Lord Jowitt's book, The Strange Case of Alger Hiss, was about to appear in America, the copies that had already been distributed were withdrawn and it was announced that the publication was being delayed.

The Study of Man: More Insanity Than a Century Ago?

Nathan Glazer

The various social sciences, like all disciplines possessing an individual history and a corps of specially trained practitioners, ask their own questions, and answer them in their own way.

Mourning My Grandmother

Howard O. Sackler

A Poem.

Israel's Economy

Reader Letters

The Need to Clarify

Reader Letters

Jews and Manual Labor

Reader Letters

Unwatered Wine

Reader Letters

“The Juggler”

Reader Letters

The Bible

Reader Letters

Jews In the Paper-Backs

Reader Letters

Jew and Israeli

Reader Letters

Level Sunlight, by Maurice Samuel

Reviewed by Solomon F. Bloom

A Handful of Blackberries, by Ignazio Silone

Reviewed by Martin Greenberg

Falasha Anthology, by Wolf Leslau

Reviewed by S. D. Goitein

7 1/2 Cents, by Richard Bissell

Reviewed by Nathan Glick

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