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1955
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 January, 1955

Libertarian Precepts and Subversive Realities
Some Lessons Learned in the School of Experience

Alan F. Westin

A new feeling of confidence about civil liberties is in the air, an invigorating sense that we are emerging from a dark alley and can see the familiar, well-lighted streets just ahead. Several related developments have brought this about.

...Only the Very Best Christian Clientele

Charles Abrams

An old rule of the common law is that an innkeeper may not arbitrarily refuse a traveler shelter.

Free Indo-China Fights Against Time
Vietnam's Winding, Rcoky Road

Peter Schmid

Outside Hue, the old imperial capital of Annam, stand empty palaces each of which encloses the tomb of an emperor.

What Price McCarthy Now?
Exit Caliban?

James Rorty

The seats in Madison Square Garden were only a little more than half filled on the night of November 29 when the McCarthyites of the New York metropolitan area rallied to the defense of their hero, three days before he was formally censured by his Senatorial colleagues.

New Jewish Community in Formation
A Conservative Center Catering to Present-Day Needs

Morris Freedman

In the current exodus from the Big City to suburbia, Queens, the most extensive of New York's five boroughs, constitutes a midway spot.

Thicker Than Water
A Story

Sylvia Rothchild

A Story.

A Gallery of Jewish Colonial Worthies
Some Loyalists, Some Patriots: II

Charles Reznikoff

A traveler attended divine service at New York's Shearith Israel in September, 1744, and described his visit as follows: “I went in the morning . . . to the Jews' sinagogue where was an assembly of about 50 of the seed of Abraham chanting and singing their doleful hymns, (they had 4 great wax candles lighted, as large as a man's arm, round the sanctuary where was contained the ark of the covenant and Aaron's rod), dressed in robes of white silk.

From the American Scene: The Day the Bronx Invader Came

William Poster

We were playing “countries” when Albert first showed his face around the block, and were too engrossed to pay him much mind.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Zaddik and the People

Jacob Joseph of

The relation between the Zaddikim—the saints—and the people, of less exalted spirituality, is often a source of ethical and religious questioning.

Father to Son

Saul Gottlieb

A Poem.

On the Horizon: Life Straight in De Eye

James Baldwin

Hollywood's peculiar ability to milk, so to speak, the cow and the goat at the same time—and then to peddle the results as ginger ale—has seldom produced anything more arresting than the present production of Carmen Jones.

The Study of Man: Germany's Post-Nazi Intellectual Climate

G. L. Arnold

We are becoming familiar with the political contours of postwar Germany, or at any rate with the dominant outlook of the Federal Republic. Are we equally attentive to what goes on under the surface?

"Therefore Choose Life"-- An Exchange

Reader Letters

An exchange over the November 1954 piece, "The Community and I."

Jews and the Community

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Evelyn Rossman's November 1954 piece, "The Community and I."

Grossinger's: Israel Division (Cont'd)

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Morris Freedman's July and august 1954 articles.

Mrs. McCall Defended

Reader Letters

Letters in response to the December 1954 letter "Freudianism and Mrs. McCall."

"St. Charles" or "Saint Catarina"?

Reader Letters

Letters in response to "Adventure in Freedom: First Chapter," from the September 1954 issue.

"Class and Opportunity"

Reader Letters

Letters in response to "Class and Opportunity in Europe and in the U.S.," from the December 1954 issue.

American Policy and Israel

Reader Letters

An exchange between Hal Lehrman and readers on his June 1954 piece, "American Policy and Arab-Israeli Peace."

Four Books on Nazi War Crimes

Reviewed by Solomon F. Bloom

It is the Jewish tradition to treat death soberly.

Grand Concourse, by Eliot Wagner

Reviewed by Isa Kapp

If one judged by the once rambunctious voice of the radical movement, or the dry wrenching tone of of a writer like Delmore Schwartz, one would imagine that the children of first-generation immigrants to New York City had, on the whole, taken extreme stands against family.

American Thought: A Critical Sketch, by Morris R. Cohen

Reviewed by Henry Bamford Parkes

Moris Coren was working intermittently during the later years of his life on a general history of American thought, but did not complete more than a disjointed series of notes.

Selected Essays, by William Carlos Williams

Reviewed by Sidney Alexander

"I'll write whatever I damn please, whenever I damn please and as I damn please and it'll be good if the authentic spirit of change is in it." So William Carlos Williams announced with a whoop at the beginning of his long career and he's kept at it ever since.

Yankee Reformers in the Urban Age, by Arthur Mann

Reviewed by Granville Hicks

In the agitation for social change that sprang up in America between 1830 and 1850, New England was one of the principal centers, the site of some of the best-known Utopian experiments, the home of some of the most respected spokesmen for the movement and also of some of its wildest visionaries.

 February, 1955

The Communist Terms for Peaceful Co-Existence
Have They Changed?

G. F. Hudson

It is always helpful when people take the trouble to define the words they use in political controversy, and Soviet propaganda has been at pains to explain what we should understand by “peaceful co-existence.”

Wordsworth and the Rabbis
The Affinity Between His

Lionel Trilling

In our culture it is not the common habit to read the books of a century ago.

Aristobulus

Constantine Cavafy

A Poem.

How to Remedy Our

Charles Abrams

Every day a few hundred Puerto Ricans can be seen at the San Juan airport waiting to get on planes for New York.

Storm Over the Investigating Committees
The Charges Against Them and the Record

James Rorty

Because the House Committee on Un-American Activities failed to give the notorious American neo-Nazi James A. Madole and the violently anti-Semitic Conde McGinley a chance to be heard before releasing its “Preliminary Report on Neo-Fascist and Hate Groups,” it has been reprobated by liberals in general and by a number of Jewish agencies in particular as unfair and un-American.

The Fragmented People That Is Germany
Stability, But Through Divisiveness

Fritz Stern

It is difficult to think of Germany dispassionately, and on my way there last spring I found that I still felt intensely what I had tried so hard to overcome.

The Tree
A Story

Abraham Reisen

A Story.

Encore

Howard Harrison

A Poem.

Four Rabbis in Search of American Judaism
Commentary on a History of Boston's Temple Israel

Nathan Glazer

It seems to have become a custom among American Jews for the larger congregations to publish books to mark the celebration of their fiftieth, seventy-fifth, or hundredth birthday.

Strange Doings at

Spencer Brown

Published in 1946, George Orwell's Animal Farm remains to this day, in my opinion, the best of anti-Communist books.

From the American Scene: The World of Station WEVD

Ruth Glazer

I am hoping one day to confound the Hooper people when they call me by telling them that I'm listening to WEVD. Of course, this will only be so if it is Friday.

The Tel at Givat Oz

Aharon Gisnet

A Poem.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Rothschild of the Painters

Moritz D. Oppenheim

From the memoirs of Moritz Daniel Oppenheim.

On the Horizon: Zionist Revival on the Campus?

Jacob Neusner

Zionism was originally a movement to revive the Jewish people; today, one might say, Zionism is chiefly a movement to revive Zionism.

The Study of Man: Bolshevik Man, His Motivations

Daniel Bell

During the early truce talks in Korea, American negotiators, headed by Admiral Joy, were equipped with a slim book which they used (almost like a manual on bridge strategy) to assess Communist tactics.

Europe's State of Mind

Reader Letters

Letters to the editor.

Law and Hospitality

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Charles Abrams's January 1955 piece, "...Only the Very Best Christian Clientele."

McCarthyphobia

Reader Letters

Letters in response to James Rorty's January 1955 piece, "What Price McCarthy Now?"

A Venture in Real Estate

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Charles Reznikoff's "A Gallery of Jewish Colonial Worthies."

Pupil and Master

Reader Letters

Letters in response to David Baumgardt's November 1954 piece, "Maimonides: Religion as Poetic Truth."

The Dolphin House (Cont'd)

Reader Letters

Letters to the editor.

Self-Segregation and Judaism

Reader Letters

Letters to the editor.

The Anglo-Saxons

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Dan Jacobson's October 1954 piece, "The Break."

For Zion's Sake, A Biography of Judah L. Magnes, by Norman Bentwich

Reviewed by Judd L. Teller

Dr. Judah L. Magnes's years were spent in purposeful endeavors dedicated to the Jewish commonweal, and in the pursuit of several careers each of which brought him the esteem of his fellows, the companionship of learned and sensitive minds, and, in his younger years, the adulation of multitudes.

To Wake in the Morning, by Hilda Sidney Krech

Reviewed by Isa Kapp

Though there is a lot of triviality and breathless sparkle in this novel about civilian life during World War II, To Wake in the Morning does at times convey, better than a more artful or apocalyptic book might, the reaction to the war of a largely apolitical American public.

Scapegoat of Revolution, by Judd L. Teller

Reviewed by Paul Kecskemeti

Until recently, no aspect of Soviet Communism was as little known and criticized as its actual (as against professed) racial and ethnic policies.

Sunset and Evening Star, by Sean O'Casey

Reviewed by Gerald Weales

In the last line of Sunset and Evening Star, Sean O'Casey offers a toast to life—rather to Life, for he has been capitalizing that word since he first started to write plays in Dublin more than thirty years ago.

Judaism in Islam, by Abraham I. Katsh

Reviewed by Gerson D. Cohen

In 1832 the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Bonn announced an essay contest on the subject: “An inquiry into those sources of the Koran or Mohammedan laws which are to be traced back to Judaism.”

 March, 1955

The State of the American Proletariat, 1955
Working Day and Living Time in Gary, Indiana

Warner Bloomberg Jr.

How much human feeling, what abilities can a man retain in his thirtieth year who has made needle points or filed toothed wheels twelve hours every day from his early childhood, living all the while under the conditions forced upon the . . . proletarian?

Will History Repeat Itself in Germany?
Must the Bonn Republic Go the Way of Weimar?

F. R. Allemann

Talking to visitors from abroad about their impressions of Germany and reading the reports of foreign correspondents, one is struck most of all by the mistrust revealed.

North Africa's Dilemmas for American Jewry
Behind the Present Debate on Community Priorities

Hal Lehrman

Year after year since 1945, it has become increasingly evident that American Jewish fund-raising policies have influence far beyond the limits of the community and the borders of the United States—and that American Jewry's vast philanthropic responsibility to Jews elsewhere profoundly affects the patterns and direction of Jewish communal life here at home.

The Basis for Our Defense of Formosa
The U.S. Can Invoke Both International Law and Morality

G. F. Hudson

Sir Winston Churchill once said that the rulers of the Soviet Union do not want war, but they want the fruits of war.

Death Fugue

Paul Celan

A Poem.

Behind the Pioneer Role of Jews in Medicine
The Traditional

L. Wallerstein

A 16th-century anecdote relates that Francis I of France, suffering from a lingering illness, asked the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, to send him his Jewish physician.

Equal in Paris
An Autobiographical Story

James Baldwin

On the 19th of December, in 1949, when I had been living in Paris for a little over a year, I was arrested as a receiver of stolen goods and spent eight days in prison.

Walt Whitman as American Spokesman
Some Hindsights and Foresights

Richard Chase

Most people seem to agree, one hundred years after its first publication, that Leaves of Grass is a somewhat baffling production.

Parable
A Story

Charles Reznikoff

A Story.

A Wedding in Harvest Time

Nuchim Bomse

A Poem.

From the American Scene: The Hasidim Come to Williamsburg

Walter Goodman

Today about 75,000 Jews live in Williamsburg. Nobody can be sure exactly how many, what with all the moving going on.

Cedars of Lebanon: A Variety of Paupers and Some Fools

Mendele Mocher Seforim

Selections from a Yiddish classic.

On the Horizon: Tel Aviv's Purim Mardi Gras

Toby Shafter

Each city in Israel has its own special holiday.

The Study of Man: Professor Carr's

Bertram D. Wolfe

Edward Hallett Carr's three-volume work The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923 impresses us by its massiveness, by the author's audacity in tackling so overpowering a subject, and by his unerring sense of which Bolshevik utterances and decrees reflect significant turning points in their policies—or in their public accounts of their policies.

The Hillcrest Center

Reader Letters

An exchange between Morris Freedman and readers on his January 1955 piece, "New Jewish Community in Formation."

The "Animal Farm" Mystery

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Spencer Brown's February 1955 piece, "Strange Doings at 'Animal Farm.'"

Prophecy Not Without Honor

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Paul Willen's July 1953 piece, "Can Stalin Have a Successor?"

Liberty and "Due Process"

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Alan Westin's January 1955 piece, "Libertarian Precepts and Subversive Realities."

Early Resort Discrimination

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Charles Abrams's January 1955 piece, "...Only the Very Best Christian Clientele."

"Judaism in Islam"

Reader Letters

Letters in response to Gerson Cohen's February 1955 review of "Judaism in Islam."

The Worcester Account, by S. N. Behrman

Reviewed by Isaac Rosenfeld

The Republican Roosevelt, by John M. Blum

Reviewed by Edward N. Saveth

Die Verlorene Legion, by Leon Degrelle

Reviewed by H. L. Trefousse

The Alphabet of Creation, by Ben Shahn

Reviewed by Leo Steinberg

 April, 1955

Why We Must Defend Formosa

G. F. Hudson

The treaty of defensive alliance which the United States has concluded with the government of the Republic of China in Taipeh means that for an indefinite time to come—except in the event of a Chinese Communist victory in a war against America—what is called nationalist China will be enabled to survive with American support in the island of Formosa.

The Jewishness of Franz Kafka
Some Sources of His Particular Vision

Clement Greenberg

Much of the strangeness in Kafka's writing can well be attributed to his neuroses, and beyond them to a personality that remains unique when all the neuroses have been "explained" away.

Robert Warshow 1917-1955

Reader Letters

Robert Warshow, who had been an editor of Commentary since shortly after its inception, died on March 18, at the age of thirty-seven.

The Dossier of Wolf Ladejinsky
The Fair Rewards of Distinguished Civil Service

James Rorty

Last November Wolf Ladejinsky, then agricultural attache of the American embassy in Tokyo, flew home to participate in trade conferences with the Japanese economic mission which was at the time in Washington.

Two Middle East Conferences in Washington
Competing for Government's Ear on Israel's Fate

Hal Lehrman

The Shoreham Hotel, a favorite Washington convention center for groups seeking the ear of the nation and the nation's government, has never played host to gatherings so dissimilar as the two which held forth, each for a day and a half—the one commencing five hours after the other adjourned—in its meeting halls and dining rooms (the very same ones) during the first weekend of the month of March just passed.

Unifying Philosophy, Science, and Prophecy
Moses Maimonides: The Man, His Work

Leo S. Baeck

The 12th century was one of the richest periods in the history of the human spirit—in that age East and West met on the field of knowledge.

Fall of Mendes-France's

Herbert Luethy

"We will outlive Mendes-France," vowed the distillers of Normandy, Maine, and Artois at their convention in Louviers on January 20.

My Father's Life
A Story

David Raphael Klein

A Story.

Lost Heritage

Charles Gaines

A Poem.

Two More New Psalms
As Translated from the Dead Sea Scrolls

Reader Letters

As Translated from the Dead Sea Scrolls Since 1947, scholars have been awaiting publication of the texts of the Dead Sea scrolls that were found in the now famous Qumran caves.

From the American Scene: Vermont Pioneer from Flatbush

S. T. Hecht

Some years ago I bought what a real estate man in Vermont described as an abandoned farm in the southern part of his state.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Song at the Red Sea

Reader Letters

Jewish legend has it that the song the Israelites sang after crossing the Red Sea and seeing Pharaoh's host overwhelmed was "the second of the nine songs that in the course of history Israel sang to their God."

On the Horizon: Novel of the Triply Divided Jew

Edouard Roditi

Whether Arab or Berber, Mohammedan or Jewish, many of the intellectuals of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia seem to be doomed, in their political activities as in their literary efforts, to a peculiar kind of frustration.

The Study of Man: Communism, Democracy, and the Churches

Will Herberg

The record of America's religious leaders in the struggle against Communism is hardly such as to give satisfaction to those concerned with the role of the churches in the nation's life.

The New Jewish Center

Reader Letters

WEVD Maligned?

Reader Letters

The Opposing Self: Nine Essays in Criticism, by Lionel Trilling

Reviewed by Paul Pickrel

The vigor of Lionel Trilling's criticism arises from the fact that he has been forced to work out an intellectual position that goes against the grain of his own mind.

100 Stories of Business Success, by the Editors of Fortune

Reviewed by Morris Freedman

This little volume presents a selection of “success stories” from Fortune magazine.

Three Books on Germany

Reviewed by Manfred Wolfson

The Secret Roads, by Jon and David Kimche

Reviewed by George Lichtheim

 May, 1955

Mr. Eisenhower's Far East Policy:
The Prescription, as Before

Harold Lavine

The Eisenhower administration is often portrayed as a band of reckless men determined to wipe out Communism even at the cost of wiping out the human race along with it.

Toynbee's Judgment of the Jews:
Where the Historian Misread History

Franz Borkenau

Under title of "The Modern West and the Jews," A. J. Toynbee devotes a subsection of Volume VIII of the last four books of his Study of History to the fate of Jewry under the Nazis and to subsequent developments in Israel.

Camp Ramah: Where Hebrew Is the Key:
A Full Jewish Education for a Full Jewish Life

Morris Freedman

In the past two or three years “Camp Ramah” had been turning up with increasing frequency in conversations about Jewish education.

The Course Ahead for European Socialism:
It Still Has a Role to Play

G. L. Arnold

Is it mere accident that the democratic socialist movement is strongest in just the same geographical area where neutralist sentiment is most widespread?

Mahler

Harvey Gross

A Poem.

Jewish Culture and the Intellectuals:
The Process of Rediscovery

Norman Podhoretz

The publication of A Treasury of Yiddish Stories seems to me an event of peculiar significance in American Jewish life.

The Prospect for Israel's Arabs:
Reflections of a Palestine

Edwin Samuel

It is not easy to answer the question so often asked of Palestinian old-timers: “What do people like yourself feel about the Arabs in Israel today?”

The Kidnap:
A Story

Joseph Papaleo

A Story.

Breaking the Arab-Israel Deadlock:
A Britisher Sees Some Possible Levers

John Marlowe

Israel was, ostensibly, the aggressor in the Gaza incident.

From the American Scene: May Day in Toronto

Ben Lappin

Spadina Avenue, the main street of the needle trades in Toronto, looks very much the same as it did ten, twenty, thirty years ago.

Cedars of Lebanon: Why Catastrophes Come

Solomon Alami

March 15,1391, anti-Jewish riots broke out in Seville.

On the Horizon: Sportswriting the Soviet Way

Andrew R. MacAndrew

A communist newspaper, Lenin once said, is a weapon of the Communist party.

The Study of Man: Totalitarianism: A Disease of Modernism?

Robert Langbaum

The healthy man, says Carlyle, is he who when asked about his “system” insists that he hasn't any; and it is true enough that many things get noticed only after they have ceased to function properly.

In Defense of Yeshivas

Reader Letters

South Vietnam

Reader Letters

Torah and Nature

Reader Letters

The Code of Maimonides. Book Eleven: The Book of Torts, translated by Hyman Klein

Reviewed by Michael Wyschogrod

The Book of Torts is the eleventh in the Code of Maimonides, the monumental codification of Talmudic law that was the crowning work of that Moses of whom Jewry says, "From Moses to Moses, there was none like Moses."

Politics in America, by D. W. Brogan

Reviewed by Henry Bamford Parkes

Some Recent Novels

Reviewed by Chandler Brossard

An Essay on Racial Tension, by Philip Mason

Reviewed by Dennis H. Wrong

 June, 1955

How New Is the "New" Germany?

Terence Prittie

West Germany, with its fifty million people, is entering upon a new phase in its history, now that it has sovereignty and, with the implementation of the Paris Agreements, the right to arms.

Major Raphael J. Moses of Georgia:
Autobiography of an Unreconstructed Southerner

. . . I think I have always had one element of wisdom which is said to be uncommon; I have always known myself.

The Attack on Our Libraries:
Defending

James Rorty

Traditionally, American libraries have been quiet little sanctuaries, untroubled islands of repose far removed from the swirling tides of political strife.

Isaac Babel: Torn Between Violence and Peace

Lionel Trilling

A good many years ago, in 1929, I chanced to read a book which disturbed me in a way I can still remember.

Portrait of a Jew, 50th Year of this Era

Constantine Cavafy

A Poem.

Balance Sheet on Bandung:
Is Neutralism the Key to Peace in the Orient

G. F. Hudson

It was inevitable that sooner or later an attempt would be made to bring together the various nationalist movements of Asia and Africa on a broad continental basis to balance the regional associations of Europe and the Americas.

A Journey to Masada:
The Fortress of the Zealots Revisited

Mark Sufrin and Jane Powell

The young Israeli explores his country with the fervor of a lover.

From the American Scene: Schaine of the Mountains

Jack Luria

Summers blazed hot and endless when I was a boy on the East Side of New York during the early 20's.

Cedars of Lebanon: Jewish Tangier and Avignon: 19th Century

Jozef Israels

. . . My Curiosity was ever aroused to know what the dwellings here, those great, square stone blocks, looked like inside.

On the Horizon: Bloom and Levine: The Hazards of Modern Painting

Hilton Kramer

For more than a decade now the names of Hyman Bloom and Jack Levine have been linked in the art world as the special contribution which Boston has made to contemporary painting in this country.

The Study of Man: What Western Colonialism Gave to Asia

Herbert Luethy

In K. M. Panikkar's own words, his book is “perhaps the first attempt by an Asian student to see and understand European activities in Asia for 450 years.”

A Poem

Derek Miller

Seizure of Power, by Czeslaw Milosz

Reviewed by Leslie A. Fiedler

 July, 1955

Does the People's Rule Doom Democracy?
Walter Lippman's Diagnosis of Western Decline

Oscar Handlin

On the cover of the February, 1955, Atlantic, the artist has skillfully caught the mood of Walter Lippmann's new book.

Liquidation Sale

Charles G. Bell

A Poem.

Unsentimental Journey to Vienna:
A Native Jew's Welcome Home

Benno Weiser

The hitchhiker I picked up on the Arlberg Pass was Viennese, with all the honeyed politeness and eagerness to please of a Viennese.

The British Elections Herald a New Era:
The Break in Working-Class Solidarity

Norman Macrae

“I'm not going to vote at this election,” said the taxi driver who picked up Lord Woolton, the Conservative party leader, last month in a grimy northern town.

A Group of Verse

Charles Reznikoff

A Poem.

The Libraries in a Time of Tension:
The Legion and Its Demands

James Rorty

Many of the American libraries that were harassed by the patriotic societies and local champions of 100-per-cent Americanism on the score of the “Communist propaganda” on their shelves did in fact, for various reasons, possess a considerable accumulation of books by Communist and pro-Communist authors.

The Liberal Religious Impulse in Israel:
An American Rabbi Spies Out the Land

Herbert Weiner

The illustrious 19th-century rabbi Israel Salanter once compared religion “to a bird held in the hand. If grasped too tightly it will die—and if held too loosely, it may fly away.”

Haiman Philip Spitz: Pioneer Maine Merchant

On the thirteenth day of April, 1816—in the Hebrew calendar, the ninth day of Nesan—Ernestine, daughter of Philip Lichtenstine, gave to her husband, the merchant Abraham Spitz, her first-born son; they named the child Haiman Philip Spitz. . .

Is There a Middle Way in Culture?
Clifton Fadiman and the Middlebrow

Richard Chase

Everyone seems to agree that American culture has always been marked by striking differences, even outright contradictions, of taste and opinion.

The Little Candy Store

David Galler

A Poem.

From the American Scene: Colchester's Yankee Jews

Alexander and Lilian Feinsilver

The casual tourist, stopping for a moment as he drives through Colchester-halfway between Hartford and New London, halfway between Norwich and Middletown-sees a typical New England town.

Cedars of Lebanon: Heinrich Heine to His Eckermann

Reader Letters

One day I found Heine in a high mood, greatly delighted by a book . . . in which he had just been reading.

On the Horizon: Bronx Ararat

Gerald Weales

It probably wasn't the forty days and forty nights of rain on the Ark roof that seemed long to Noah and his family; it must have been the hundred and fifty days that it took for the waters to go down.

The Study of Man: The Scientific Basis of Our Immigration Policy

William Petersen

According to the arguments of many of its opponents, the McCarran-Walter Immigration Act of 1952 is not merely bad policy but a kind of freakish accident.

Congratulations

Reader Letters

Hebrew Camping

Reader Letters

The Latest in Weddings

Reader Letters

Sincerely, Willis Wayde, by John P. Marquand

Reviewed by Morris Freedman

Three Books on Asia

Reviewed by G. F. Hudson

 August, 1955

The Triple Melting Pot:

Will Herberg

The immigrant who came to this country by the millions in the latter part of the 19th and first part of the 20th centuries was expected sooner or later, either in his own person or through his children, to give up virtually everything he had brought with him from the “old country”—his language, his nationality, his manner of life—and to adopt the ways of his new home.

In My Beginnings

Arthur Geller

A Poem.

Israel's Great Foreign Policy Debate:
The Crisis Mood Continues

W. Z. Laqueur

Unnoticed by an outside world very much preoccupied in other quarters, a foreign policy debate of unusual scope has been under way for some months now in Israel.

The Dilemmas of Western Aid to Free Asia:
Some Unsolved Problems of Modernization

G. L. Arnold

By the beginning of September it will be ten years since the Japanese surrender signalized the failure of Japan's attempt to build an empire in Southern and Eastern Asia.

Were the Sephardim Hidalgos?
History Disputes Their Claim to Aristocracy

Cecil Roth

“You must be a Sephardi,” a silly woman once said to my wife. “It's so much more chic.”

Our Revolution In Income Distribution:

Robert Lekachman

It is the enthusiastic custom of economists to label as revolutionary and permanent any important change in our mode of economic organization which endures for as long as five years.

The Fifth Book of the Maccabees

Charles Reznikoff

Gaza of the Philistines was still a great city: the Arabs of the wilderness traded there for pottery and knives; and caravans from Egypt stopped in Gaza because of its many wells of fresh water and the gardens on every side.

The Liberal Religious Impulse in Israel: II:
Interviews with Ben Gurion and Some Others

Herbert Weiner

Jerusalem: Have been speaking with M.K.'s-Members of the Knesset in the cafeteria of the Knesset building.

From the American Scene: Joe's Moan

William Poster

A Dramatic Monologue.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Temple and the Service

Reader Letters

In this season of Tisha B'Av, the solemn period of mourning commemorating the destruction of the First and Second Temples, we present three selections from The Fathers According to Rabbi Nathan ('Abot de-Rabbi Natan).

On the Horizon: Dr. Flesch's Cure for Reading Troubles

Spencer Brown

Troubles in teaching children to read are no new thing.

The Study of Man: Civil Liberties and the American People

Nathan Glazer

Ten or twenty years ago, no one could have predicted that the defense of civil liberties would become the complicated problem it is today.

A Critical Exchange

Reader Letters

Agreement on Maimonides

Reader Letters

Three Books on Soviet Russia

Reviewed by George J. Lieber

Four Modern Poets

Reviewed by Robert W. Flint

A Jewish Iconography, by Alfred Rubens

Reviewed by Alfred Werner

 September, 1955

Negotiating an End to the Cold War:
The Hazards

G. F. Hudson

In the British House of Commons debate on the conference “at the summit” the left-wing Labor MP, Konni Zilliacus, declared that the meeting of the heads of governments had achieved an “armistice in the cold war.”

The Birthday of the World:
Rosh Hashanah's Meanings

Ernst Simon

The calendar, with its rhythmic division of the year, its beginning and its end, its workdays, rest days and holidays, provides a characteristic expression of the spirit of different religions, cultures, and peoples.

New Mexico's Fading Color Line:
Albuquerque Shows the Way

Albert Rosenfeld

Early last June I was having lunch in one of the better restaurants on Albuquerque's Central Avenue with three University of New Mexico students, all of them colored.

The Consultative Conference in London:
Landmark in International Jewish Relations

A British Observer

Even though its results are still not fully apparent or appreciated, the Consultative Conference of Jewish Organizations, held in London from June 12 to 16 of this year, has already had important effects.

The Dark Age of Medieval Jewry:
Persecution, Expulsion, the End of the Paris Synagogue

Allan Temko

The spontaneous celebration to which Paris awakened on an August night in 1165 when Philip Augustus—one of the mightiest soldier-kings of the Middle Age—was born, heralded unknowingly another birth as well. It was the first true display of French national devotion, rather than feudal allegiance, to a prince.

America's New Religiousness:
a Way of Belonging or the Way of God?

Will Herberg

Judaism and Christianity are two religions sharing a common faith.

The Fate of Otto Freundlich:
Painter Maudit

Edouard Roditi

Among the sixty or more Jewish painters and sculptors who died as victims of Nazi extermination policies and were represented, Otto Freundlich was the only Cubist.

From the American Scene: Comedian in a Business Suit

Morris Freedman

Television, the new American living-room pastime, has developed a new type of comedian, or perhaps merely revived an old one: the man who just talks.

Cedars of Lebanon: The Binding of Isaac

Reader Letters

Even if God had asked our Father Abraham for the apple of his eye, he would have given it to Him, and not only the apple of his eye, but his life.

On the Horizon: Marty and His Friends and Neighbors

Gerald Weales

Marty, a quiet little movie about an unprepossessing young man who at last finds a girl, as plain and as lonely as he is, with whom he can share his loneliness, has become a commercial and critical success.

The Study of Man: Social Mobility Again-and Elites

Herbert Luethy

In this critique of the “very American” science of sociology, the Swiss historian and political analyst, Herbert Luethy, raises the question of the pertinence of the discipline's statistical methods and laws to the problems presented by European society.

Mao and Stalin

Reader Letters

Heine as "Baal T'shuvah"

Reader Letters

The Ecstasy of Owen Muir, by Ring Lardner Jr.

Reviewed by Granville Hicks

Part of Our Time, by Murray Kempton

Reviewed by Leslie A. Fiedler

 October, 1955

Changing Alignments in the Middle East:
How Basic Is the Israeli-Arab Conflict?

George Lichtheim

On July 1, 1955, the Jerusalem Post, Israel's English-language daily, which frequently speaks with the voice of authority, printed a dispatch from its Paris correspondent forecasting closer relations between the Quai d'Orsay and the Israeli government.

Our Broken Promise to the Refugees:
Unsmiling Goddess of Liberty

James Rorty

“I kind of feel,” said Senator Hubert Humphrey, “that if we amend this act, the Statue of Liberty—the Goddess of Liberty—may get a smile on her face.”

The Jewish Mission to the Nations:
Should Modern Judaism Try to Win Souls?

Jakob J. Petuchowski

Some time ago a call for conversions to Judaism was issued from the floor of Reform's Central Conference of American Rabbis. A body of Orthodox rabbis was quick to protest, as might have been expected.

Re-Viewing the Russian Movies:
The Person vs. Politics

Robert S. Warshow

Six of the famous movies of the Russian Revolution have been shown recently in New York.

The Secret Profession:
A Story

Ruth Stone

A Story.

Art Worth Celebrating:
Two Tercentenary Shows of Jewish Painting and Sculpture

William Schack

For half a century Jewish artists have played an important, even a pioneer, role in American art, yet the question whether there is anything specifically Jewish in their work has not been thoroughly explored.

America's Two Zionist Traditions:
Brandeis and Weizmann

Judd L. Teller

Feeling the strong pressure of Israel to fulfill their Zionist duty and provide immigrants to Israel in substantial numbers, American Zionists have again come down with a case of aliyah fever.

The Rabbi of Minsk:
Lonely Survivor of a Great Jewish Past

Andrew Meisels

The Rabbi of Minsk is a small, stout man with a round, almost jolly face. His gray beard flows over onto the blue robe he wears, and a square, four-cornered skullcap rests on the shaggy gray hair of his head.

Yom Kippur

Howard Harrison

A Poem.

From the American Scene: Garment Center Success

David Boroff

Alex Marcus is a short, thick-shouldered man in his late forties with an air of jauntiness suggested by his springy step and his sharp garment-center suits.

Cedars of Lebanon: Yom Kippur in Elberfeld

Else Lasker-Schueler

There is not a Jew who does not think of his parents on this day, the holiest of the year.

On the Horizon: Exhibiting the Family of Man

Hilton Kramer

On February 22, 1955, six thousand people spent the damp, gray afternoon of Washington's Birthday looking at a photography exhibition in the Museum of Modern Art.

The Study of Man: Nazism on the Assembly Line

Solomon F. Bloom

What is a book? We cannot hope that it shall aways fulfill John Milton's vision.

East to the Suburbs

Spencer Brown

A Poem.

The Sephardim Vindicated

Reader Letters

How to Read

Reader Letters

Liberal Judaism in Israel

Reader Letters

The Spirit of Jewish Law, by George Horowitz

Reviewed by Emanuel Rackman

Sovereign Reason, by Ernest Nagel

Reviewed by Lewis S. Feuer

 November, 1955

Morocco's Jews Between Islam and France:
How Good Are Nationalist Pledges of Equal Rights?

Hal Lehrman

In the lexicon of troubled Morocco, there is no such phrase as “an easy solution”—neither to the problem of Moroccan nationalism, as witness the frantic efforts of the French government to hit upon a political arrangement acceptable to both the native Moroccans and the resident French, nor to the smaller but anguishing problem of Moroccan Jewry.

Jew and Gentile in the New South:
Segregation at Sundown

Harry L. Golden

There is very little real anti-Semitism in the South.

Bonn Joins the Co-Existence Game:
Again: Whither Germany?

Herbert Luethy

The state of frightened pensiveness into which the political thinkers of the West were thrown by Adenauer's trip to Moscow, early in September, does not lack its ludicrous side.

Selling the President to the People:
The Direct Democracy of Public Relations

Daniel J. Boorstin

We are slow to notice some of the most important events in recent history simply because they are among the last to be treated in formal historical literature.

The Others:
A Story of North Africa

Alfred Memmi

At long last we removed the iron bars and came out of our barricaded houses.

Soviet Expansion into the Middle East:
Needed: A Post-Geneva Containment Strategy

George Lichtheim

When the Geneva Conference ended last July in a glow of harmony and mutual satisfaction, cynical observers were heard to comment that now that the menace of world war had been banished, the “little wars” between the powers could commence.

Congress's Right to Investigate:
Two Books Examined

Paul R. Hays

Senator McCarthy seems to have departed the scene pretty permanently and the hysterical cries of “McCarthyism in the saddle” and “dictatorship” are scarcely heard any more.

Jewish First Names Through the Ages
Juanita to Yente: Shaindel to Sandra

Benzion C. Kaganoff

For Jews, first names are inevitably something more than convenient labels for identification, mere tags to facilitate human intercourse in a civilized society.

From the American Scene: The Uptown Social Club

Theodore Frankel

Every Friday the New York Post carries at least fifty advertisements inviting single people under and over twenty-eight years of age to public dances held in hotels and Jewish centers all over town.

Cedars of Lebanon: Argument for the Immortal Soul

Reader Letters

Just as, from the point of view of sense perception, we have no reason to believe that man's soul was in existence before he himself came into being, so we would be inclined to say that with his death, his soul, too, must perish.

On the Horizon: Anne Frank on Broadway

Algene Ballif

Those of us who have read and loved Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl might well be interested in the production currently enjoying success at the Cort Theater in an adaptation by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett called simply The Diary of Anne Frank.

Zealots of Yearning

David Rokeah

A Poem.

The Study of Man: More Light from Judean Caves

H. L. Ginsberg

Both Israel and Jordan have displayed a commendable zeal in seeking, preserving, and publishing the archeological remains within their respective borders.

Ideology and "The People"

Reader Letters

Social Mobility

Reader Letters

American Jewish Year Book, 1955

Reviewed by David Bernstein

The Responsa Literature, by Solomon B. Freehof

Reviewed by Nahum N. Glatzer

The Late Risers, by Bernard Wolfe

Reviewed by Isaac Rosenfeld

 December, 1955

The Jewish Revival in America: I:
A Sociologist's Report

Nathan Glazer

The most striking development of the last fifteen years in American Jewish life has been the “Jewish revival.”

The Kastner Case:
Aftermath of the Catastrophe

W. Z. Laqueur

By August 1944 the Third Reich was defeated and most everybody knew it—even Hitler, Himmler, and the Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht.

Taking Stock after Geneva: What Is the Iron Curtain For?

G. F. Hudson

In October of this year London was visited by the “Classic Theater of the People's Republic of China.”

Taking Stock after Geneva: Reducing International Tension

Paul Kecskemeti

It is interesting to notice how the language of politics changes.

My Father, and His Father:
Rabbi in Scotland

David Daiches

I always found it next to impossible to imagine my father as a child.

The Angel Levine:
A Story

Bernard Malamud

A Story.

Which Has Speed

Eli Siegel

A Poem.

Cost of the Security Programs:
The Record

Maurice Goldbloom

A year has passed since the McCarthy-Army dispute culminated in the Senate's censure of its junior member from Wisconsin.

Synagogue Art Today: I:
Something of a Renaissance

William Schack

In the last half-dozen years a tremendous number of new Jewish centers, synagogues, and combinations of the two—synagogue-centers—have been built in this country.

From the American Scene: The Dressmaker

Toby Shafter

My favorite dress was beginning to wear out.

Cedars of Lebanon: Three Letters from Bialystok

Mordecai Tenenbaum

I've not received a letter from you for some time. Let's have a chat. Now.

On the Horizon: Reflections on a Talk by Toynbee

H. Schmidt

In June of this year the Oxford University Jewish Society invited Professor Arnold Toynbee to speak on the “Jewish Role in History” at the Oxford synagogue.

The Study of Man: European Traditions and American Sociology

Herbert Luethy and S. M. Lipset

We believe that the exchange published below on sociology, its national schools, and their methods as applied to the subject of social mobility will be of interest to the layman as well as the specialist. Social mobility is a question whose importance far transcends any scholarly discipline.

American Jewish Artists

Reader Letters

Political Salesmanship

Reader Letters

"Ideology"

Reader Letters

Conservatism in America, by Clinton Rossiter

Reviewed by Edward N. Saveth

The Deer Park, by Norman Mailer

Reviewed by Richard Chase

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