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1958
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 January, 1958

Past and Present in America:
A Historian Visits Colonial Williamsburg

Daniel J. Boorstin

After having heard for many years about “Colonial Williamsburg” and having read the attractive advertisements in the New Yorker inviting families to come down for a vacation weekend at Williamsburg Inn and Lodge, I finally had an opportunity to visit the place myself.

The Need for Candles

Florence Victor

A Poem.

Clash of Two Immigrant Generations:
Citizens and Exiles

Bogdan Raditsa

The Hungarian revolt sent a new type of East European refugee to this country.

Ruth

Neil Weiss

A Poem.

Western Illusions About the Middle East:
Stability as Far Off as Ever

Elie Kedourie

Ever since the 19th century, when so-called reforms were introduced in the Ottoman Empire, Western observers have watched Middle Eastern politics with hopeful expectancy.

Israel's Arab Minority:
Safeguarding Their Rights

Walter Schwarz

Like a becalmed ship, Israel's foreign policy stands ominously still. About the dramatic events in and around Syria she can do nothing.

The Sephardim of New Lots:
Self-Containment and Expansion

Leonard Plotnik

In the New Lots district, situated in the midst of the East New York, Brownsville, Crown Heights, and East Flatbush sections of Brooklyn lies an enclave with a peculiar character all its own.

By Cozzens Possessed:
A Review of Reviews

Dwight Macdonald

The most alarming literary news in years is the enormous success of James Gould Cozzens' By Love Possessed.

King Herod as Oriental Monarch:
Ancient History and the Modern British Mind

Martin Braun

IF I may adapt a familiar saying, the slogan "We are all realists now" seems to me to sum up fairly well the presentday position in historical and political thinking. What marks current...

From the American Scene: Second Wife

David Boroff

We didn't want him to marry again. Why should he? Certainly not to satisfy the flesh.

Cedars of Lebanon: “God, the Torah, and Israel”

Reader Letters

Rabbi Eleazar asked his father, Rabbi Simeon: “Behold, we have learned, ‘It is forbidden to teach the Torah to a heathen’; and the scholars of Babylonia have fittingly drawn our attention to the verse..."

On Carley Ridge

Leonard Wolf

A Poem.

On the Horizon: Freud the Philosopher

Hans Meyerhoff

A year after the world-wide celebrations of the hundredth anniversary of Freud's birth, Ernest Jones has completed the third and last volume of his biography of his friend and teacher.

People in Vogue

Jascha Kessler

A Poem.

The Study of Man: Union Democracy and the Public Good

Paul Jacobs

For the past ten years sociologists and political scientists have been making intensive studies of trade union organization, a subject formerly the exclusive preserve of radicals, labor historians, and civil libertarians.

 February, 1958

The United States and the Poorest Peoples:
A Look Forward from Washington

Oscar Gass

Viewed candidly from Washington at the beginning of 1958, there is no prospect that the government of the United States will soon undertake general, systematic participation in the improvement of the economic condition of the poorest peoples.

Zionist Ideology and World Jewry:
Reflections on a Conference

Oscar Handlin

I began to pull my thoughts together on the beach at Ascalon.

Halting the Current Recession:
A Proposal for Dealing with “Sellers' Inflation”

Abba P. Lerner

When the United Automobile Workers International Union (UAW) recently invited the three big automobile corporations to take a first step in checking the inflationary process by lowering 1958 automobile prices, the corporations in effect replied, “After you, Alphonse.”

The Lions of the Alhambra:
Jews in Moorish Spain

Frederick P. Bargebuhr

Medieval Jewry in general resigned from the cultural and even more so the political ambitions entertained by the Moslems and Christians.

America's New Culture Hero:
Feelings Without Words

Robert S. Brustein

In the last eight or ten years Americans have been charmed by a new culture hero, with far-reaching effects upon the quality of our spoken arts.

An Outsider Visits the Roman Ghetto:
The Past Lives On

Stephen P. Dunn

The light of Rome is supposed by enthusiasts to be different from that of any other place on earth.

Roman Ghetto

Harold Norse

A Poem.

Celia in the Garden of Eden:
A Story

Sylvia Rothchild

A Story.

Cedars of Lebanon: Early Science and Jewish Belief

David Nieto

Haver: The earth on which we dwell is a planet. On it are seas and rivers, mountains and valleys, human beings endowed with the gift of speech, and dumb animals.

The Study of Man: A Debate on Race

Melvin Richter

Both Arthur de Gobineau and Alexis de Tocqueville must be numbered among the most original thinkers of the 19th century.

Cozzens

Reader Letters

Nasser's Egypt

Reader Letters

More on Northrup

Reader Letters

Khazars and Karaites

Reader Letters

Conscience in Revolt, by Annedore Leber

Reviewed by Gerald Reitlinger

 March, 1958

The Turn of the Tide:
Western Diplomacy in the Sputnik Era

H. Stuart Hughes

During the past few months, public opinion on both sides of the Atlantic has been stirred by controversies over the best means to break the political deadlock between the Western world and the...

Should We Negotiate Now?
Hazards of a Summit Meeting

Hans J. Morgenthau

THE decline of political intelligence in the Western world has been demonstrated with particular force by the public outcry in favor of negotiations with the Soviet Union, following the...

The Military Stalemate:
Strategic Thinking Lags Behind Technology

Denis Healey

SINCE defeat in war is still regarded as the worst of all possible evils, the West's general posture in a period of coexistence is bound to be determined primarily by the prevailing...

Moscow's Aims Have Not Changed:
Khrushchev's “Peace Offensive” Imperils NATO

G. F. Hudson

ALL but ten years have now passed since the commencement of the Soviet blockade of West Berlin. That was a crisis which involved the Soviet Union and the Western powers in a more direct and...

Israel's Intellectuals:
Young Writers and Middle-Aged Critics

Meir Mindlin

THE Israeli intelligentsia are so special and peculiar as to puzzle and disconcert anyone approaching them with preconceptions. A generally knowledgeable foreigner, expecting to find...

Politics and the Puerto Ricans:
Getting Out the Vote in Spanish Harlem

Dan Wakefield

"Y los ultimos seran los primeros,...." ("and the last shall ve first")-From a campaign leaflet of Jose Lumen Roman, candidate for the New York City Council. A HALF-DOZEN men wearing wide,...

The Country of the Crazy Horse
A Story

Wallace Markfield

AS THE train began the long crawl under the tunnel to Brooklyn I thought again of the crazy horse. It was Saturday morning, and all the mothers sat before the stoop on bridge chairs, opening...

A Critique of the New Jewish Theology:
From a Secularist Viewpoint

Judd L. Teller

THE widespread, although perhaps not too deeply entrenched, antisecularism in vogue in America today is not only promoted by such things as Billy Graham's revivalism and the TV...

Cedars of Lebanon: Mordecai, Haman, and Ahasuerus

Reader Letters

Excerpts from Midrash ans Talmud THE Purim story occupies a surprisingly prominent place in Talmudic and Midrashic literature. Not only does the Talmud supply a wealth of commentary and...

The Study of Man: Max Lerner's America

Richard Chase

IT SEEMS clear that the amassing of new knowledge about American civilization in recent years has been accompanied by a general loss of political and scientific intelligence, a new...

The Portrait of Gertrude Stein

Helen Neville

"It doesn't look like her now, but it will." -Picasso, of his portrait. -IT DOESN'T look like her. It's much too new. I She needs to die a little more, to be reclaimed by that which made her,...

“Northrup” Judaism

Reader Letters

“Angry Young Men”

Reader Letters

More “Cozzens”

Reader Letters

American Sephardim

Reader Letters

Recession & Regulation

Reader Letters

Poetic License

Reader Letters

The Right of the People, by William O. Douglas

Reviewed by Maurice Goldbloom

Rabbi in America, by Israel Knox

Reviewed by Nathan Glazer

Something About a Soldier, by Mark Harris

Reviewed by Steven Marcus

Yisrael Ba-amim, by Isaac F. Baer

Reviewed by Milton Himmelfarb

Europe and the Europeans, by Max Beloff

Reviewed by George Lichtheim

 April, 1958

Pan-Arabism on the March?: Rival Blocs in the Middle East

Ray Alan

THE most powerful political dynamic in Arab history has hitherto been centrifugal-an impulse toward fragmentation and separatism. It is an impulse induced by the very geography of the...

Pan-Arabism on the March?: Israel Weighs the New Challenge

Nissim Rejwan

THE recent moves toward Arab unification, though generally thought to have placed Israel-Arab relations on a new footing, have in reality changed very little. To be sure, the proclamation...

How We Beat the Machine:
Challenging Tammany at the District Level

Robert Lekachman

IN THE short history of the Riverside Democrats, an insurgent political club in the Columbia University area, September 10, 1957, was a night to remember. The sounds of revelry which emanated...

Jewish Messianism and the Idea of Progress:
Exile and Redemption in the Cabbala

Gershom Scholem

THE 19th century, and 19th-century Judaism, have bequeathed to the modern mind a complex of ideas about Messianism that have led to distortions and counterfeits from which it is by no means...

Reading Rousset's “L'univers Concentrationnaire”

Irving Feldman

WHO holds my book and turns the page? Thinking of my brother Jews I have crossed over the edge And as one dead walk among the dead. Who is it sits to read? Now that I wander like a...

Can Europe Be United?
A British View of the Continent

Max Beloff

THE ratification of the "Euratom" and "Common Market" treaties, and the prospect of their coming into force in less than a year's time, has given a new urgency to the problem of the form that...

In the Gray Light

Eliezer Greenberg

A THIN layer of gray hair, broad forehead, Deeply grooved, eyes eternally in awe, Proud morbidity washed in a sheen of tears (The last an inheritance from my mother's house, From my father the...

America's Syrian Community:
Pattern of a Minority

Morroe Berger

THE accidents of history have in our time produced another of those fateful confrontations of Jews and Arabs in the Middle East which have occurred at several junctures during the...

The Uncanny
A Story

Max Brod

DARKNESS fell in the hall of the beautiful country house. The suddenness with which twilight appeared in this part of the world bordering the tropics, and the speed with which it deepened...

From the American Scene: Home for Pesach

Sylvia Rothchild

HOME for Pesach! It has a good sound, like home for Christmas, or for Thanksgiving, or the Fourth of July. Where is home? Home is where grandparents live. The children's books still say that...

Cedars of Lebanon:The Levels of Love

Abraham Isaac Kuk

THE book of the Song of Songs is read in the synagogue during the Passover and on Friday evenings. The absence of any overt religious references in it, together with its erotic imagery, has led...

Vanity

Florence Victor

MY WIFE was only fifty when she died, MYI And all the family came to sit with me In sneakers and black dresses; we all tried To think how beautiful she used to be, And held the children closely...

On the Horizon: American Usage Today

Stanley Edgar Hyman

AT TIMES of upward social mobility, the etiquette books appear, to teach the rising groups how to behave almost indistinguishably from the groups they join or supplant. In the modern world such...

The Study of Man: Freud and Scientific Truth

Hans Meyerhoff

LILLIAN BLUMBERG MCCALL, who here takes vigorous exception to HANs MEYERHOFF'S article "Freud the Philosopher" in the January COMMENTARY, has written often on psychoanalysis in these pages. Her...

My Father Died in Alexandria

Leo Haber

(Note: Some of the places associated here with Socrates, Feffer the Soviet Yiddish writer, and the poet's uncle-all killed by their respective statesare unhistorical.) I MY FATHER died in...

Union Democracy

Reader Letters

Arabs in Israel

Reader Letters

Gobineau

Reader Letters

Jingle

Reader Letters

The Sephardic Community

Reader Letters

Transliteration

Reader Letters

The American Jew: A Zionist Analysis, by Ben Halpern

Reviewed by Lucy S. Dawidowicz

BEN HALPERN's book is an exciting exception to the dreary journalistic output about American Jews and Israel. Halpern has done several things in this lengthy essay: he has examined the...

Goodbye to All That, by Robert Graves

Reviewed by Dan Jacobson

THERE are many reasons why one should read, or reread, Goodbye to All That. On the simplest level the book is as informative and as continuously interesting as a good novel, whether it deals...

Unheard Witness, by Ernst Hanfstaengl

Reviewed by R. H. S.

"PUTZI's" memories of life with Hitler-told to a dictaphone and then "orchestrated" by Brian Connell-is a jewel of a book: costume jewelry, of course, but, thanks to Mr. Connell's ghostly...

Small Town in Mass Society, by Arthur J. Vidich and Joseph Bensman

Reviewed by Harris Dienstfrey

THE urban-rural dichotomy and all its variants and examples are the heritage of all of us. The metropolis and the town, the city slicker and the country hick, the city's excitement and...

Some Came Running, by James Jones

Reviewed by Robert S. Brustein

JAMES JONES'S second novel is located in a mythical town in Illinois called Parkman. It is an attempt to interpret the lives of its representative citizens, the bums, lushes, and whores who...

 May, 1958

The Continuing American Ideal:
How Plural Is Our Culture?

Robert Gorham Davis

THIS last fall I found myself reading, with a new kind of interest, an article which Randolph Bourne had published in the Atlantic Monthly in July 1916. It was called "Trans-National...

How Democratic Is Christian Democracy?
The Church in European Politics

H. Stuart Hughes

THE appearance of a full-scale, comparative study of Christian Democratic movements in Western Europe from the early 19th century to the present should be an occasion for joy, not only...

Bombing in Nashville:
A Jewish Center and the Desegregation Struggle

Jackson Toby

AT 6:20 P.M. on Sunday, March 16, a Negro porter turned out the lights it, in Nashville's Jewish Community Center and locked up for the night. Through the darkness considerable traffic flowed...

Faith as the Leap of Action:
The Theology of Abraham Joshua Heschel

Jakob J. Petuchowski

ABRAHAM JOSHUA HESCHEL, a professor at the Jewish Theological Seminary, and author of numerous books and articles on the nature of Judaism, has become for many the leading Jewish theologian in...

For His Father

William Poster

SOMEDAY, when I am alone in your office, maybe with my good friend, Carol Dombenek, reading over your books, those complicated cases, struggles of individuals, networks of events, busy intervals...

Three Poems

Delmore Schwartz

ALL was as it is, before the beginning began, before We were bared to the cold air, before Pride. Fullness of bread. Abundance of idleness. No one has ever told me what now I know: Love is...

A Visit to S'de Boker:
On the Israeli Frontier

Julius Horwitz

I WAS restless at S'de Boker. It was March, 1955. A sandstorm had blurred the sky. The sun shone like a smoky disc. The dogs on a running leash barked at their shadows. The grounds inside...

Bicker at Princeton:
The Eating Clubs Again

Walter Goodman

WHEN the Social Register was introduced to America early in this century, it was distinguished not alone for its contents, but for the color of its binding-orange and black, which, as one...

Behold the Key
a Story

Bernard Malamud

ONE beautiful late-autumn day in Rome, Carl Schneider, a graduate student in Italian studies at Columbia University, left a real estate agent's office after a depressing morning of...

Genesis

James Dickey

WHEN car-lights turn The inside corner of the room I wake to come singing up. I watch a woman bum Who of myself is made In the sun, and turned by her heart Into the sea. Half-buried is she In...

Cedars of Lebanon: An Interview with Moses Mendelssohn

Reader Letters

ON THE 22nd day of June, 1784, less than two years before his death, Moses Mendelssohn granted an interview to an unusual visitor named Litsken. He was a traveling Christian missionary who, by...

The Study of Man: Moral Freedom in a Determined World

Sidney Hook

IN THE last year of the Weimar Republic, when ordinary criminals were sometimes more philosophical than the judges of Hitler's Third Reich subsequently proved to be, a strange case was tried...

The “New Theology”

Reader Letters

The Sephardic Community

Reader Letters

German Anti-Nazis

Reader Letters

Political Blueprint

Reader Letters

The Dynamics of World History, by Christopher Dawson; Men and Events, by H. R. Trevor-Roper

Reviewed by George Lichtheim

OF THE two books under review, the first is a collection of essays by a Catholic scholar who has been accurately described as an immensely learned amateur; the second comes from the busy...

Patterns of Faith in America Today, edited by F. Ernest Johnson

Reviewed by Robert E. Fitch

RELIGION, in Dewey's phrase, is more obviously an affair of having, being, and doing, than it is an affair of knowing. It is possible to get religion, to be religious, and to live...

The Iron Heel, by Jack London; It Happened to Didymus, by Upton Sinclair

Reviewed by Maurice Goldbloom

THE Soviet Union is issuing a stamp in honor of Longfellow, and such writers as Poe, Whitman, James, Faulkner, and Hemingway have had a worldwide audience. But of all Amercan authors, only...

Patterns, by Rod Serling

Reviewed by Raymond Rosenthal

COLLECTIONS of television plays such as Rod Serling's are published with a utilitarian object in view, somewhat in that same gruesome spirit which turns out books telling us how to make a...

One Marriage Two Faiths: Guidance on Interfaith Marriage, by James H. S. Bossard and Eleanor Stoker Boll

Reviewed by Hershel Shanks

THERE are few subjects which hold such fascination for American Jews-especially young American Jews-as intermarriage. The reason, no doubt, is that intermarriage epitomizes the problems of the...

Any Number Can Play, by Clifton Fadiman

Reviewed by Isa Kapp

IN HIS recent book of essays, which ranges genially over many subjects from cheeses to social disaster, Clifton Fadiman once more uses the elastic, optimistic, civilized voice that has often...

 June, 1958

Education and the Cold War: Have Our Schools Failed?

Spencer Brown

IT IS a strong temptation these days to predict cynically that the chief effect of Sputnik on American schools will be the abolition of courses in driver training. Our first reaction to Sputnik...

Education and the Cold War: How Free Is Soviet Science?

Leopold Labedz

NOW that the initial reaction to the Sputniks has worn off, it may be worthwhile taking a glance at Soviet scientific and technological achievement in the longer perspective. Most of the...

Suburban Jewish Sunday School:
A Report

Theodore Frankel

THERE are no exact figures on the number of Jews who have migrated from the city into upper-income, and once largely exclusive, suburban Westchester County in the last decade, but people who...

The Politics of Recession:
Liberals vs. Conservatives

Robert Lekachman

BEFORE the current recession began many economists were agreed that, although the science of economic forecasting was closer to meteorology than astronomy in precision, we knew in a rough way...

Bombing in Miami:
Anti-Semitism and the Segregationists

Nathan Perlmutter

THE dull boom in the evening of March 16, unusual but not frightening, that announced the bombing of the Nashville Jewish Community Center echoed the thunder blast that eighteen...

Khrushchev in Command:
The Party Reasserts Its Supremacy

Richard Lowenthal

WHEN Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union, had himself elected Minister President by the Supreme Soviet on March 27, 1958, he served notice on Russia...

The Cave at Machpelah
A Play

Paul Goodman

(The entrance of the cave; and Rebekah kneeling there beside the covered corpse of Abraham. The servant Eleazar entreating with Rebekah. Isaac seated front, perhaps crosslegged. He is in his...

From the Journal of Emmanuel Ringelblum:
“Notes from the Warsaw Ghetto”

Reader Letters

"Notes from the Warsaw Ghetto" TO MILLIONS of people, the Warsaw Ghetto will remain forever a symbol of man's inhumanity to man -and of the heroic resistance of the human spirit. Within its...

Adam

Irving Feldman

ONLY light and shades of light It was, and Eve a meaning there Now water, now silver, now fire, now air. Our senses then a slender height That made sound silence, silence sight, And this was...

Cedars of Lebanon: A Medieval Jewish Tale

Reader Letters

From "The Parables of Sendebar" MISHLE SENDEBAR ("The Parables of Sendebar") is the Hebrew version of the "Seven Sages," a popular medieval romance which had its origin in the East and was...

The Price of Diamonds, by Dan Jacobson

Reviewed by Midge Decter

THE PRICE OF DIAMONDS is Dan Jacobson's third novel. In another time, perhaps, or in another country, the consistently lavish praise heaped on Mr. Jacobson's earlier works, The Trap and A Dance...

Russia, the Atom and the West, by George F. Kennan; Power and Diplomacy, by Dean Acheson

Reviewed by Gordon A. Craig

WHEN, in the course of his lectures over the BBC last December, George Kennan proposed that "a general withdrawal of American, British, and Russian armed power from the heart of the Continent"...

Alcohol and the Jews, by Charles R. Snyder

Reviewed by Nathan Glazer

THE Yale Center of Alcohol Studies has been interested for a number of years in the remarkable differences in the rates of alcoholism among various ethnic groups in America. Thus, Jews show...

The Bill of Rights, by Learned Hand

Reviewed by Maurice Goldbloom

IN THESE three lectures, delivered at Harvard College, Judge Learned Hand endeavors to define the proper limits of the judicial power to review legislative action. On the whole, he is extremely...

Modigliani et Son Oeuvre, by Arthur Pfannstiehl; Modigliani, by Claude Roy; Ma Vie, by Marc Chagall

Reviewed by Alfred Werner

I ONCE asked Chagall how he had managed to reach his seventies in good health, and to reap all the success due him, whereas that other great Jewish artist of his generation, Modigliani,...

 July, 1958

After the Storm:
Can de Gaulle End the Algerian War?

Raymond Aron

FOR weeks now the entire West has waited on the news from France. As in a suspense film the uncertainty lasted right up to the end, although the next day observers were surprised at their...

The Fourth Republic Abdicates:
Anatomy of the Crisis

Ray Alan

"INCAPABLE of living decently," wrote Hubert Beuve-M&y in Le Monde at the end of May, "the Fourth Republic does not know how to die with dignity." "It didn't even die," commented a Gaullist...

The Recession Hits Gary, Indiana:
Smiling Through?

Warner Bloomberg Jr. and Victor F. Hoffmann

"I'M AN ingot buggy operator in a billet department. I got bumped out on Christmas Day. Boy! That was some Christmas!" Harry, a tall, slim Negro, smiled wryly and shifted his position on the...

Four Books on Israel:
Some Reflections on Achievements and Problems

Oscar Gass

ISRAEL'S achievement in its first decade has now been subjected to many assessments. The four books* presently under consideration were all written in English and printed in the United...

A 1st-Century Jewish Sage:
The Life and Teachings of Rabbi Joshua ben Hananiah

Joshua Podro

"SINCE Rabbi Joshua died, good counsel has ceased in Israel" Kl (Sotah 49b). This was a contemporary opinion of the value of Rabbi Joshua ben Hananiah's leadership and the effect of his death...

Fate

Jerome Rothenberg

WE tsRE toothless hags; we cannot spit Properly; we cannot express hate or terror But in weakness; a tremor takes us And we fail again. It is an error To call the aged bitter: we make no...

America, a Partial View:
Travel Notes of a Displaced Native

Norman Birnbaum

ALL travelers' reports ought to be taken with skepticism, those of returned native travelers even more so. Last summer, after an absence of five years, I spent some time in the United States....

After the Riot
A Story

Dan Jacobson

THE Monday morning after the riot there was a policeman on almost every other corner of the town; we saw them standing on the pavements as we drove down to work, with their rifles grounded and...

From the American Scene: “A good Piece of Goods”

Midge Decter

MY MOTHER, who lives in the Midwest, spends a good deal of time during her visits to New York in shopping around for bargains. Through the years she has managed to find an impressive number of...

Cedars of Lebanon: From the “Diary of Justina”

Reader Letters

THE so-called "Diary of Justina," whose Hebrew version appeared in Israel in 1953, is an account, written down after the events, of episodes in the activities of the Zionist underground during...

On the Horizon: The Writing on the Wall

Edouard Roditi

A COUPLE of years ago, an American Jewish resident of Paris happened one evening to be a guest in a French home where she met a prominent French Jewish lawyer, one of the leading figures...

The Study of Man: Humanism Today: A British View

Kathleen Nott

IN THE public mind, humanism is too often confused, on the one hand, with being rude to God and, on the other, with being kind to animals. Between these two flippant extremes there are a...

Again: The Oedipus

Reader Letters

Four Books on Southeast Europe

Reviewed by Ghita Ionescu

As THIS review is being written relations between Tito's Yugoslavia and her Soviet-controlled neighbors are entering upon a new phase. 1945-1948 were the years during which the Yugoslav...

Escape from Fear, by Martin A. Bursten

Reviewed by Harry N. Rosenfield

WHEN the Hungarian Revolt erupted in October 1956, Martin A. Bursten was among the first to reach the Austro-Hungarian border; there he had an opportunity to observe the westward migration of...

Al Smith and His America, by Oscar Handlin

Reviewed by Dennis H. Wrong

ALFRED E. SMITH'S career has long symbolized both the gains and the frustrations experienced by the sons of immigrants in this century, so it is fitting that he should find a biographer in Oscar...

Prophetic Faith in Isaiah, by Sheldon H. Blank

Reviewed by Moses Hadas

A PRIME ingredient disappeared from Jewish life when, following the example of philological study generally, concern for the Jewish literary tradition became professional. Books were transformed...

Parktilden Village, by George P. Elliott

Reviewed by Robert S. Brustein

PARKTILDaN VILLAGE, George P. Elliott's first novel, is a satiric nose-thumbing at the age of the social sciences and embodies a plea for the restoration of certain values which the permissive...

A Whole Loaf: Stories from Israel, edited by Sholom J. Kahn

Reviewed by Joel Blocker

HEBREW literature in English has been, until recently, a kind of literary curiosity: artificial and quaint, remote and lifeless, it has concerned only those who, for one reason or another,...

 August, 1958

Can the Middle East Be Held?
Why the West Cannot Work with Pan-Arabism

G. F. Hudson

WHY should the Western world be involved in the Middle East? It cannot be taken for granted that it should be; indeed, it is politically dangerous to take it for granted, for unless the...

The Decline of the Republican Party:
Eisenhower Has Failed to Rebuild the Machine

Harold Lavine

EISENHOWER has succeeded where Roosevelt and Truman failed. Five times running Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman gave the Republican party a merciless beating. The Roosevelt...

Personae

Saul Touster

How does he fare The man I was Yesterday?-the lean lawyer Who stowed his heart In a bottom drawer. Does he grieve any more? Where is he stationed now? -The young ensign Of the last great...

Temple Emanu-El of San Francisco:
A Glory of the West

Allan Temko

WITHIN two years after the discovery at Sutter's Mill, the rush for California gold had achieved worldwide proportions. By 1850 upwards of 5,000 immigrants were arriving each month, some of...

Catholicism and Democracy:
An Exchange

Michael P. Fogarty and H. Stuart Hughes

"How Democratic Is Christian Democracy?" asked H. STUART HUGHES in COMMENTARY'S May number, in an article discussing MICHAEL FOGARTY'S book, Christian Democracy in Western Europe, 1820-1953....

Milovan Djilas: The Search for Justice:
Rebel Son of a Bloodstained Land

Bogdan Raditsa

"IN ALL parts of Montenegro," writes Milovan Djilas in his autobiography Land without Justice, "there were killings. This land was never one to reward virtue, but it has always been strong on...

Ben, Son of Margulies
A Story

Ruth Miller

YOU wouldn't think that a man would come to a hospital because he had no other place to go. On the surface no one could have told that. He entered the Baker Pavilion of New York Hospital on a...

Two Poems

Robert Pack

The Creation I SPACE, vacant of wind and the sweep of silence, The almost-heard voice and the listening Until intent becomes the pain of consciousness, Vacant of glooms in owlish nights And...

The Painter Jules Pascin:
A Jewish Bohemian

Alfred Werner

IT HAS been said that the only real life is that of one's fame, but the painter Jules Pascin would have scorned this idea. Perhaps he was spoiled by the praise of his admirers, or maybe he was...

“Naming Day in Eden”:
When Man First Learned to Speak

Noah J. Jacobs

THE origins of human speech have long fascinated philologists and historians, but rarely has the subject been treated with such a wealth of literary reference as in the work Naming Day in Eden, by...

Cedars of Lebanon: From the “Diary of Justina” II

Reader Letters

Jews in Disguise THE so-called "Diary of Justina," an extract from which appeared in the July COMMENTARY, is the work of Gusta Davidson, one of the leaders of the Jewish underground in Cracow...

The Study of Man: Social Prophetism in 19th-Century France

J. L. Talmon

THE early 19th century witnessed an outcrop of revolutionary movements in which religious motivations mingled with radical tendencies unleashed by the French Revolution and the Industrial...

The Politics of Al Smith

Reader Letters

The Sunday School

Reader Letters

Nationalism and History. Essays on Old and New Judaism, by Simon Dubnow

Reviewed by Oscar Handlin

ON THE evening of December 8, 1941, the Germans, having taken the Latvian city of Riga, were herding a group of women and aged Jews out of the Ghetto and into buses when one of the guards opened...

The Affluent Society, by John Kenneth Galbraith

Reviewed by Irving Kristol

DESPITE all the polysyllabic rhetoric about "social science," about exploratory hypotheses and scrupulous verification and laborious system-building, it is nevertheless the obvious case that...

The Bankrupts, by Brian Glanville

Reviewed by Dan Jacobson

LOOKED at in the way the author clearly does not want us to look at his book, The Bankrupts is a severely cautionary tale, a warning to young Jewish girls always to heed what their...

Jewish Religious Polemic, by Oliver Shaw Rankin

Reviewed by David Baumgardt

DISPUTATIOUSNESS has often been regarded as a singular characteristic of the Jewish mind:180 COMMENTARY "Tell me something and I will refute it." Yet Socrates in the Platonic dialogues is hardly...

Invitation to the Voyage, by Leslie Katz

Reviewed by Dan Wakefield

THIS is the simple and shocking story of an American tourist who went to Europe and actually saw what he looked at.182 COMMENTARY Leslie Katz, like the thousands or millions or whatever towering...

J.B. A Play in Verse, by Archibald MacLeish

Reviewed by Irving Feldman

ARCHIBALD MACLEISH has shown great daring in basing his new poetic drama, J.B., on the Book of Job. From a strictly literary point of view, the Biblical version offers few possibilities of...

 September, 1958

De Gaulle in Power:
The Fifth Republic in the Mirror of History

H. Stuart Hughes

AMONG the various anecdotes, authentic or bien trouvees, that circulated in Paris this summer, the one that best expressed the country's perplexities ran as follows: an old friend of de...

Iraq After the Coup:
The Pan-Arabs Take Over in Baghdad

Ray Alan

ONLY the politically illiterate will charge Gamal Abdel Nasser with the July 14 coup in Iraq, but it is undeniable that a vicious Egyptian-Syrian propaganda campaign had helped create...

The Siren of the Kitchen

David Galler

NOT all her day foundered between sink and stove, As raves would have us think. To watch her hand Beguile us pigs at supper with sharp stews And a kind clout, one learned that such scenes...

Arlington--Another Little Rock?
School Integration Fight on Washington's Doorstep

William Korey and Charlotte Lubin

THE volcano of hatred and violence that erupted in Little Rock last September is now rumbling on the doorstep of the nation's capital. This September all eyes are focused on Arlington,...

Problems of Israel's Economy:
Much Still to be Resolved

Alex Rubner

IN THE 1948-58 period, the State of Israel has become a solid political unit and a recognized military power in the Middle East. Socially, the "ingathered exiles" have been integrated within the...

As You Make It

Elizabeth Bartlett

YOUR bed They said So shall you lie on it But I found rocks Were kinder than clocks And did not cry on it They meant Content Without a sigh on it But I found stars Much clearer than...

The Horns of Moses:
Old Symbols and New Meanings

Norman Cohn

THERE are Jews still alive who can remember being told that they could not possibly be Jews because they had no horns on their heads. Until recently this belief was fairly common in...

Life in the U.S. Army:
Fantasyland, Peacetime Variety

Harris Dienstfrey

ON HIS first or second day in the United States Army, every soldier receives, gratis, Department of the Army Pamphlet 21-41, Personal Conduct for the Soldier, the effect of which on...

The Other Cheek
A Story

Jay Kaplan

OVER twenty years have passed since all of this happened, and probably I do not really remember it accurately, yet I cannot be very far wrong. The details are too clear in my memory.... It...

Henry James and the Jews:
A Critical Study

Leo B. Levy

AS A writer who consciously sought to create an art in which the values of traditional society make a primary claim, Henry James was faced with the difficulty of judging social, religious,...

Cedars of Lebanon: “Love to thy Neighbor”

Reader Letters

A Selection from a Commentary by the Malbim MEIR LOEB BEN YEHIEL MEIR, known as the "Malbim," was an East European rabbi who in his lifetime (1809-1879) served a number of congregations,...

On the Horizon: Oxford's New Theological Dictionary

Stanley Edgar Hyman

THE imposing Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church,* the first of its sort, offers itself "not only to those who through Holy Baptism have been admitted to membership in the Body of Christ,...

Western Policy & Israel

Reader Letters

The Role of Rabbi Joshua

Reader Letters

The President & the Party

Reader Letters

Strategic Surrender: The Politics of Victory and Defeat, by Paul Kecskemeti

Reviewed by Gordon A. Craig

FEW criticisms of Western leadership during World War II have been accepted more uncritically than the charge that the war was unnecessarily prolonged by insistence upon the unconditional...

Four Books on the Middle East

Reviewed by J. C. Hurewitz

THREE of the four books under review focus on the Arab-Israel dispute. All three rest on a premise which no thoughtful person would contest: the frictions and barriers that divide Israel from...

American Protestantism and Social Issues, 1919-1939, by Robert Moats Miller

Reviewed by Robert E. Fitch

IT is the great convenience of the church (temple, synagogue) that it functions both as savior and as scapegoat. If the world is in a To Hallow This Life MARTIN BUBER: AN ANTHOLOGY Edited and...

Friend in Power, by Carlos Baker

Reviewed by Richard Schickel

IT is almost too good a coincidence to be true. Americans seem suddenly beset with a desire for reconciliation with the intellectual-"the man who knows," as one advertisement calls him. There...

Cinque Storie Ferraresi, by Giorgio Bassani

Reviewed by Edouard Roditi

JEWS have always been a very small minority in Italy, but in the past hundred years or so they have played an important part in the country's cultural, scientific, and political life. Fictional...

 October, 1958

Israel Watches and Waits:
And Keeps Its Powder Dry

A. V. Sherman

WHEN Ben Gurion rejected an opposition request for a Knesset debate on foreign policy early in September, with the explanation that so far as Israel was concerned nothing had happened to make...

The Puritan Tradition:
Community above Ideology

Daniel J. Boorstin

THE Arbella, a ship of three hundred and fifty tons, twenty-eight guns, and a crew of fifty-two, during the spring of 1630 was carrying westward across the Atlantic the future leaders of...

A Goodly Tree:
Sacred and Profane History

Erich and Rael Isaac

SHORTLY before World War II, and well before the days of the EgyptianIsraeli conflict, the Egyptian ship "Zamzam" steamed into New York harbor with a worthless cargo which, a few...

Friday Night Cantata
(While listening to Bach's Cantata No. 51.)

Florence Victor

UNFIT for worship, still I learned each But speech or silence, sanctity left bare. prayer, And hoping that the rabbi couldn't tell My heresy full-grown, I often now It was the music which I loved...

A Plaque on the Via Mazzini
A Story

Giorgio Bassani

AT FIRST nobody recognized Geo Josz when he reappeared in Ferrara in August 1945, the sole survivor of the one hundred and eighty-three members of the Jewish community whom the Germans had...

Moses in the Thought of Freud:
An Ambivalent Interpretation

David Bakan

THE year 1956 marked the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Sigmund Freud, a man whose long life spanned almost half of the 19th century and over a third of the 20th. His...

Sputnik and Segregation:
Should the Gifted Be Educated Separately?

Bruno Bettelheim

FIRST there was Little Rock; then came Sputnik. First there was excitement about equal schooling for all children irrespective of race, and then about the need for special schooling for the...

Cedars of Lebanon: Justice

Hermann Cohen

HERMANN COHEN'S great posthumous work, Die Religion der Vernunft aus den Quellen des Judentums (The Religion of Reason from the Sources of Judaism), has never been published in English...

The Study of Man: Prejudice in American Society

William Petersen

DURING the past ten years or so the study of prejudice, which has figured importantly in American sociology virtually since it established itself as a separate discipline, has developed...

Dubnow's History

Reader Letters

Anxiety & the Army

Reader Letters

“The Good Samaritan”

Reader Letters

Eisenhower: Captive Hero, by Marquis Childs

Reviewed by William V. Shannon

CYCLICAL shifts in power have been a permanent feature of political life in the Englishspeaking democracies throughout their history. No party in Britain has won a general election three...

Four Books by Martin Buber; Martin Buber, by Arthur A. Cohen

Reviewed by Walter Kaufmann

BUBER's rather sudden, and still growing, popularity in the United States coincides with the religious revival after World War II, which is variously appraised either as a hopeful...

The Magic Barrel, by Bernard Malamud

Reviewed by Dan Jacobson

IN THIS new volume by Mr. Malamud, there are thirteen stories, most of them set in the dingiest streets of a city which-whether it is named or not-one can assume always to be New York; in...

Protestant and Catholic, by Kenneth W. Underwood

Reviewed by Marshall Sklare

PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC is a community study which breaks new ground. It does not focus primarily on the power structure, as did the Lynds in the Middletown volumes, or on the status system, as...

Best American Plays, Fourth Series, 1951-1957, edited by John Gassner

Reviewed by Gerald Weales

THE seventeen plays that John Gassner has chosen for his latest collection of American plays may not be the "best" for the years 19511957, but they are at least typical. Except for Eugene...

 November, 1958

The South and the Law of the Land:
The Present Resistance and Its Prospects

C. Vann Woodward

THE annual fall maneuvers have left the school desegregation front very little altered in the Border States and the Upper South. Beyond the wavering front line, resistance remains to all...

The New United Nations:
What It Can't and Can Do

Hans J. Morgenthau

IN TRYING to assess the contribution the United Nations makes today, and might be able to make tomorrow, to the settlement of international conflicts, it is indispensable to keep in mind that...

The Child

Emil Boyson

ON MY way through the park I saw you playing one second. Watching you, your father Reads "Family Times of Zion." (Berlin, 1933; it's still allowed for Jews To sit on a bench in a park; We're...

Eisenhower as President:
A Critical Appraisal of the Record

William V. Shannon

ACROSS a divided and militarily defenseless Europe, the shadow of Stalin's armies fell; in Korea, Communist Chinese forces pushed American armies back toward the sea; in the United States,...

T. S. Eliot's Stature as Critic:
A Revaluation

F. R. Leavis

HOW can a book of criticism be at once so distinguished and so unimportant? The question is the more worth asking because the author of this volume was at one time so unquestionably a major...

Two Poems About Ezra Pound

Paul Potts and Dannie Abse

Paul Potts I HAVE waited to ask you this. I could not ask you in prison. I waited until you were free. But why, why did you let them use Your name and your greatness As so many pennies to...

Is There An “Arab Civilization”?
Islam and Arabism

A. G. Horon

ISLAM arose in Arabia. But from the ethnographic standpoint Arabia proper comprised at first only the Nejd and the Hejaz, the vast desert lands of the nomadic Bedouins in the center and...

An American Fairy Tale
A Story

Delmore Schwartz

THIS is a fairy tale. And it is a success story. It is a story which is not only full of goodness and beauty, but it is also a true story. It is full of purity, innocence, and happiness. Since...

The Jews of Rhodes:
A Centuries-Old Community in Retrospect

Richard Galan

THE Colossus of Rhodes was probably not very appealing as a work of art-no more than the Statue of Liberty, to compare it with a monster of the same class. Like Miss Liberty, the Colossus...

Cedars of Lebanon: “A Faith That Is Whole”

Menahem Boraisha

WHEN Menahem Boraisha died in 1949, he had finally achieved the artistic statement of "a faith that is whole" for which he struggled his entire life. His Der Geyer, an epic poem published in two...

The Study of Man: Bible and Babel

Jacob J. Finkelstein

ONE of the most absorbing aspects of the study of the civilizations of the ancient Near East, and especially of Mesopotamia, since the decipherment of cuneiform writing about a century ago, has...

The Problem of the Gifted

Reader Letters

Moses, Freud, Bakan

Reader Letters

Praise

Reader Letters

Poems of a Jew, by Karl Shapiro

Reviewed by Irving Feldman

IT IS disappointing to find the rather dramatic title of this collection of poems and its short introductory essay, in which' incoherence tempers hysteria, followed by the tame and...

Critique of Religion and Philosophy, by Walter Kaufmann

Reviewed by William W. Bartley

SOME future cultural historian may write a monumental study of the pervasive image of the "doctor" in present-day intellectual expression. Interest in those who heal is no longer focused on...

Algeria: The Realities, by Germaine Tillion

Reviewed by Joel Carmichael

ONE of the subtler successes of Leninism has been the gradual permeation of the left intelligentsia by the slogan, "The main enemy is in your own country." The widespread though unconscious...

Toward the Automatic Factory, by Charles R. Walker

Reviewed by Arnold M. Rose

THE automatic factory was already known in the 18th century, but it was only with its extension into many lines of production in the 1950's that it attracted great scientific and public...

Generation of Decision, by Sol Liptzin

Reviewed by Israel Knox

PROFESSOR LIPTZIN'S book is part history, part literary summation, but it is above all a political tract. Its thesis, insofar as it has one, is perhaps suggested in a sentence in the...

Gimpel the Fool and Other Stories, by Isaac Bashevis Singer

Reviewed by Kenneth Rexroth

RECENTLY I was working in a night club below Cooper Union. I had been out of New York for many years and it was thirty years since I had been in that neighborhood. Late in the wet night, a...

 December, 1958

Triumph of the Smooth Deal:
The Electorate Plumps for the “Civilized Moderate”

Karl E. Meyer

THERE are many obvious things that can be said about the elections of November 4, 1958, and in Washington, where there is little bashfulness about stating the obvious, certain results have...

Child's Game, on a Journey

Spencer Brown

TWO children in the bus seat opposite me, Tired of the rolling earth, Begin to play the simple and old game Of paper-stone-and-scissors. The winner each time gets to give a slap On the loser's...

New York's Puerto Ricans:
Formation and Future of a New Community

Nathan Glazer

NEW York's Puerto Rican immigrants, who have already established a community in the city larger than the population of Seattle or New Orleans, are a historical accident. When mass...

Two “Saviors” Who Failed:
Moses Merin of Sosnowiec and Jacob Gens of Vilna

Philip Friedman

A PARTICULARLY bitter aspect of the catastrophe which befell the it L Jews at Hitler's hands was the manner in which a number of them, in various towns and ghettos, were tricked into...

The Peking-Moscow Axis:
Who Is Top Dog?

G. F. Hudson

ON DECEMBER 16, 1949, two and a half months after the inauguration in Peking of the "Central People's Government of the Chinese People's Republic," Mao Tse-tung arrived in Moscow. It was a...

Roses for My Grandmother

Laurence Josephs

THE gardens of her mind where she most often lived Amidst all useful fruits and grains, Were fair pavilions raised beneath sweet glass: Like breads, like cookies shaped to lily for...

Five Million American Jews:
Progress in Demography

Erich Rosenthal

DURING the past decade our knowledge of the demographic structure of the Jewish population in America has considerably expanded. First, and most important of all, we now know as a fact that...

The Patriarch

Sarah Singer

THEY pay him court, the weekly clan, Solemn with Sunday thought and deed, The filial and duteous breed Grown alien, an immeasured span Between them and his need. Asunder now, they would...

Algeria After the Referendum:
Prospects for Peace

Maurice Carr

HOW much longer can the civil war go on, and how will it end? This is an indelicate question to ask in Algeria. Everybody is haunted by it, but nobody likes hearing it. To the French soldier...

Games a la Mode, 1938
A Story

Lore Groszmann

ON SATURDAY, when I had been with them a week, Mrs. Levine decided it was time for me to cheer up. "I know what she wants," she said, looking up at her eldest daughter. "She wants somebody to...

From the American Scene: Cats and Christmas Trees

Sylvia Rothchild

SELMA APPLEBAUM and I are neighbors but not friends. We're not a pair. When my father saw her he said, "A pretty little woman! She makes me think of a new-born calf." I've been likened to many...

Cedars of Lebanon: Testament of a Jewish Intellectual: II

Menahem Boraisha

MENAHEM BORAISHA's autobiographical essay on his career as a poet falls into two parts, the first of which we presented last month. In it he discusses his own stubborn clinging to traditional...

On the Horizon: Men and History

William Phillips

"DR. ZHIVAGO," by Boris Pasternak, the work of a remarkable unpolitical writer who somehow managed to survive Russian history, and The Secret of Luca, the new novel by the important...

Premonition at Twilight

Philip Levine

THE magpie in the Joshua tree Has come to rest. Darkness collects And what I cannot hear or see, Broken limbs, the curious bird, Become in darkness darkness too. I had been going when I...

The Study of Man: Aristocracy in America

Seymour Martin Lipset

AMERICAN sociology has become the most omnivorous of all the social sciences. It has set itself the task of systematically investigating the operations of contemporary society, in much the same...

Education in a Democracy

Reader Letters

Tradition and Change, edited by Mordecai Waxman

Reviewed by Milton Himmelfarb

A CERTAIN husband decides the major questions: whether Red China should be admitted to the UN and whether the testing of nuclear weapons should be suspended; his wife decides the minor...

Refugees in Europe, 1957-1958, Report of the Zellerbach Commission

Reviewed by Oscar Handlin

THE materials in this document inspire, in the mind of this reviewer, dismal reflections about the general defensiveness and unimaginative inertia of the Western powers...

The Dharma Bums, by Jack Kerouac

Reviewed by Irving Feldman

NOT, to my recollection, since the good ship "Lollipop" let fall its praline anchor into the fondant waters of Peppermint Bay has such a cargo of sentimentality been delivered to the waiting...

Prosperity Without Inflation, by Arthur F. Burns

Reviewed by Maurice Goldbloom

AT A time when rising prices and recession appear to be going hand in hand, there is a certain wistful ring to the title of Professor Burns's Fordham lectures. Delivered in October 1957,...

He Spoke in Parables, by Herman A. Glatt

Reviewed by Maurice M. Shudofsky

UNLIKE his American counterpart of the mid20th century, the East European rabbi of the 18th and 19th was expected to do little public sermonizing. In fact, the latter generallyBOOKS IN REVIEW...

Four Books on Foreign Policy

Reviewed by Gordon A. Craig

SOME time ago a report that government funds had been spent to support certain scientific analyses of national surrender in the nuclear age came to the attention of the U.S. Senate and touched...

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